Question No: 1 The maximum number of pages in process address space is one milli

Question

Question No: 1
The maximum number of pages in process address space is one million and the total address size (p +d) of process address space is 32- bit with page size is 4096 bytes. Calculate the number of bits required for page number (p) and the number of bits required for offset (d)?


Question # 2
Students working at individual PCs in a computer laboratory send their files to be printed by a server which spools the files on its hard disk. Under what conditions may a deadlock occur if the disk space for the print spool is limited? How may the deadlock be avoided?



Note:
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Explanation / Answer

Answer for 2...
A deadlock can occur if the following conditions hold:
A single print job is to large for the spool diskspace..
File to large for the spool are not rejected.
Transfer of a job is not interrupted if the spool is full or the incomplete job is not removed by the spool.
A deadlock could be avoided if the jobs that do not spool are rejected or can partially printed to free diskspace..

Answer for 1...
Effective number of bits (ENOB) is a measure of the quality of a digitised signal. The resolution of a digital-to-analog or analog-to-digital converter (DAC or ADC) is commonly specified by the number of bits used to represent the analog value, in principle giving 2N signal levels for an N-bit signal. However, all real signals contain a certain amount of noise. If the converter is able to represent signal levels below the system noise floor, the lower bits of the digitised signal only represent system noise and do not contain useful information. ENOB specifies the number of bits in the digitised signal above the noise floor. Often ENOB is used as a quality measure also for other blocks like sample-and-hold amplifiers. This way also analog blocks can be easily included to signal-chain calculations as the total ENOB of a chain of blocks is usually below the ENOB of the worst block.

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