Detail Submission Grade Discuss the evolution of eukaryotic cells and the role o

Question

Detail Submission Grade Discuss the evolution of eukaryotic cells and the role of endosymbiosis in both plants and animals. Also, include a description of the structural changes, new organelles, when these changes occurred, evidences that support endosymbiosis, etc. Finish your essay answering this question: Are you more like your mom or your dad? and then discuss two reasons to back up your response. Hint: think in terms of genetic material - did more come from dad or mom - thin k about the chromosomes that get passed on maternally and paternally.

Explanation / Answer

1)

Endosymbiosis theory proposes that organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts have formed due to establishment of ancient bacteria inside the primitive eukaryotic cells. These bacterial cells, over years of evolution, have changed and transformed as organelles carrying out important functions for the host cells. The occurrence of endosymbiotic relationships, like infective particles, in modern species is direct evidence that endosymbiosis can happen in a spontaneous fashion even today.

Hence, endosymbiotic relations that could have happened millions of years ago have evolved to form eukaryotic organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. Based on the Endosymbiosis theory, it is believed that mitochondria were evolved from a bacteria called Rickettsia rickettsii and chloroplast evolved from blue cyanobacteria.    

2)

During gametogenesis, a male gamete gets half (n) chromosomes and a female gamete get half (n) chromosomes. The fusion of both male and female gametes results formation of the zygote (a new individual). Hence, every person can get equal qualities from the mother and father, but the expression of genes varies, it would show different types of phenotypes. These expression patterns depend on, either dominance of the gene or environmental factors.

For example, if two twins who were separated after birth one grown with his father, and another one grow at his mother. If we observe them after some years of their maturity, the child grown at father would have inculcated with father habits and child grown at mother would have inculcated with mother habits, even though their genomes are similar, but have different cultural habits.

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