What components of a computer can recognize and directly execute the instruction
ID: 3732951 • Letter: W
Question
What components of a computer can recognize and directly execute the instructions we give?
The primitive instructions to the computer form a language that is called __________________.
When a person is designing a new computer, what is one of the first things he must decide?
Why the primitive instructions to the computer are made as simple as possible?
Why machine languages are generally difficult and tedious for people to use?
Since there is a large gap between what is convenient for people and what is convenient for computers, so how this problem is normally solved?
What is a virtual machine?
What’s difference between translation and interpretation?
Suppose a multilevel machine with level 0, level 1…level 5,
What would be the name labeled to each level (for example, one label for level 5 could be C++ language)?
Is the study of individual transistors part of level 0? If not, what level is it? Is it the area of study for a computer science major? If not, what discipline it is for?
Which level’s language can be directly carried out by the electronic circuits, without the need for intervening translation or interpretation?
Is it true that a person who writes programs for the level n virtual machine need not be aware of the underlying interpreters and translators?
Is it true that a person interested in understanding how a computer really works need only understand level 5? If not, how many levels?
What is a “data path”? And what is its basic operation?
The interpreter for Level 2 machine is normally called ___________________.
Why Operating System machine level called “hybrid” level?
“Machine Language Reference Manual” is actually describing __________________ level.
Systems programmers normally deal with the problems below level ________________.
What is the name of the translator for Assembly language program? And is true that it is always translated into the level 3 language?
The _____________ are connected to _____________ to form a data path, over which the data flow and the software that controls the operation of the data path is called __________________.
Is it true that a JAVA program is always translated into machine language? If not, what is it translated into?
The set of data types, operations, and features of each level is called its _____________________.
What is the purpose of introducing Microprogram?
What is “core dump”?
What was the original designing purpose of an operating system?
What’s a major difference between a batch system and a timesharing system from a user perspective?
On page 13, the author said, “In a certain sense, computer design had come full circle, back to the way it was before Wilkes invented microprogramming in the first place.” What does it imply and/or why he said this?
Use Excel to summarize Section 1.2 as given by the following example. (5 Points)
Generation
Time
Defining Technology
Machines, HW, or SW to remember
Persons or company to remember
Why
0
1642-1945
Mechanical Computers
Analytical engine
Charles Babbage
Ada Lovelace
John Atanasoff
1
ENIGMA, COLOSSUS
ENIAC
John Mauchley, J. Eckert
EDSAC, IAS
John von Neumann, Herman Goldstine
2
Bus,
DEC (HP)
Supercomputer
Seymour Cray
3
Defining the following terms:
Moore’s Law
Von Neumann machine
Virtuous Circle
RFID
Clusters
Cloud Computing
Computers that are embedded inside devices that are not sold as computers are called _____________ or _______________.
1.4 focuses on 3 popular ISAs, which mean ________________________. List these 3 ISAs and what markets they dominate.
Tell a short story how the first single-chip CPU was born.
What CPU was used by the first IBM PC? And what are its bus size and its address space?
What enhancements were added to 80486 from 80386?
After 80486, why Intel stopped using numbers as its CPU name? What was the first non-number name did it use and what implication did the name have?
Use Excel to prepare the table similar to the following. (10 points)
Intel CPU evolution: Please refer to the entire section of 1.4.1 and supply what are missing. Figure 1-11 is useful but is not enough.
CPU
Characteristics or Innovations
Address Space
8088
8-bit bus, used by 1st IBM PC
80286
Memory Protection present, (It had 2 modes of operation: real-address mode or DOS-mode and protected mode
16 M
80386
32-bit CPU
80486
Had a floating-point unit
4 G
8-k cache
had build-in multiprocessor support
Pentium
two pipelines
4 G
MMX instructions
4 G
Pentium Pro
4 G
Pentium II
4 G
Pentium III
4 G
Penyium 4
4 G
Core Duo
2 G
Core
Core i7
(Others)
Celeron
Xeon
Pentium M
In 2004, why Intel canceled the production of 4-GHz Pentium 4?
Multiprocessors computer has many advantages, but it also poses great challenges to programmers. What are these challenges?
Briefly discuss the 3 types of memory used on microcontrollers.
Name two very important registers related to instruction and their contents (i.e. what they hold).
What is the recipe for success in the microcontroller business?
Generation
Time
Defining Technology
Machines, HW, or SW to remember
Persons or company to remember
Why
0
1642-1945
Mechanical Computers
Analytical engine
Charles Babbage
Ada Lovelace
John Atanasoff
1
ENIGMA, COLOSSUS
ENIAC
John Mauchley, J. Eckert
EDSAC, IAS
John von Neumann, Herman Goldstine
2
Bus,
DEC (HP)
Supercomputer
Seymour Cray
3
Explanation / Answer
1)What components of a computer can recognize and directly execute the instructions we give?
Ans: CONTROL UNIT
2)The primitive instructions to the computer form a language that is called __________________
ans: MACHINE LANGUAGE
3)When a person is designing a new computer, what is one of the first things he must decide?
Ans: He must decide for the Cost and time .which is most important to develope a any product.
4)What is a virtual machine?
Ans:Virtual machine is a emulation of Computer softeware.
It is based on a computer architecture.
5)What is “core dump”?
Ans: In a computer the recorded data make a crash to the working memory or system acts abnormally then it is called core dump.
6) Cloud computing;
Ans: Cloud computing is compute over the internet.
organization makes lot a storage over harddives it makes place consumption large .So,to overcome these clod computing is used.
7)Is it true that a JAVA program is always translated into machine language? If not, what is it translated into?
Ans: java doesnt change the code to machine language .it converts to javabytecode .it is same as a machina language.it interpretes and compiled over javabyte code.
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