Review Questions Examples should be provided where applicable 1. Define bureaucr

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Review Questions Examples should be provided where applicable 1. Define bureaucracy and identify the job functions performed by agency members as expressed by the public will. 2. Is there constitutional legitimacy for public administration? 3. What is policy implementation? 4. Examine in detail one major policy instrument (that is, one policy option that has been proposed to solve a public problem) that has received attention in ONE of the following areas: immigration; education; energy; OR taxation. 5. How can bureaucrats and bureaucracies be held accountable? By whom and by what means can they be held accountable? 6. What is the difference between policy outputs and outcomes? What’s a policy evaluation? 7. What are the forms of policy evaluation? Explain the different actors involved in the policy evaluation process? 8. Explain the different problems in policy evaluation 9. Explain the two approaches of studying implementation process (bottom-up and top-down approach). What are the assumptions and critique of each approach? 10. Describe the steps and the measures that can be taken to increase bureaucratic accountability. How do the judicial, the executive, and the legislative branches of government hold bureaucrats and bureaucracies accountable? 11. Describe the five broad categories of policy tools and instruments 12. List and describe three classic policy types (constituent, regulatory, distributive, and redistributive). Then think of policies that would fit in each policy type. Why are these typologies necessary? 13. Explain the four distinct stages of a national budget process. Explain each stage satisfactorily 14. How Does the Federal Government create a Budget? 15. What are the budgetary decision-making perspectives or approaches? How should the federal government address a budget deficit? What’s fiscal policy? What’s monetary policy? 16. Explain how the different official and nonofficial actors are involved in the implementation process. Who implements policy? 17. Explain how the opponents argue against bureaucracy. What are the challenges of bureaucracy? What are the contributions of bureaucracy? 18. Explain fully the federal rule-making process (nine steps). How does government or agencies ensure that target populations comply with a policy? Why do people fail to comply (noncompliance)? What are the elements of control in a policy? 19. Why is education important in a society? Teaches how to speak read write money management and other things in life. Equal work opportunities and competition on global scale. Teaches how to be citizen, understand role of govt public resources(not good job). Correlation between education and crime rate. Foster nationality and patriotism. Work. How to serve society. Critical thinking and analyse. CENTRAL OBJECTIVE. Social mobilit: economic growth reduce poverty better jobs for educated people better chance of being productive . Social skills. Keep there keep out of trouble. Human rights issue. Helps assimilate immigrants: gender equality, reduce child's marriage. Helps to progress in life 20. Why is the federal government interested in higher education more than primary education? Money to be made there. Helps to make informed political and moral citizens. 21. What should be the goals and objectives of education policy? critical thinking and analysis. Social mobility. Engaged and informed citizens create social mobility. Create politically aware and moral citizens. Promote national unity and morality 22. What are the problems facing the education sector? Funding. Technology textbooks lunches outreach library. Resources( staff tech books lunch program extra curricular s)aren't same everywhere corrupt govt. teachers special education. Funding disparity due to local and property taxes. So socio I economic lower area equals shitty schools. Coat of higher education. Inadequate sex education abstinence only. Teachers are underpaid. 23. How do the state's finance its public education system? 24. What are the reforms needed in the education sector? 25. Who determines whether a curriculum is “relevant’ or not? 26. Why should we support higher education? 28. Why does poverty exist? How should poverty be reduced? 29. What the types of social policy? 30. What are the social security program benefits, program, and financing? Is it because of broad economic circumstances or individual behavior and choices not to work

Explanation / Answer

1. Define bureaucracy and identify the job functions performed by agency members as expressed by the public will.

A:  The bureaucracy represents a class of individuals, processes and organizational structures which give a permanent infrastructure to the political appointees and elected officials over them to implement the vision of the elected officials who represent the will of the voters.The theory of bureaucracy was put forward by the German sociologist Max Weber, who called it the most defining feature of the modern age.

Bureaucracy has 3 basic functions: a. implementation, b. administration, and c. regulation. When any new law is passed by the parliament, it often does not come with defined policy-directives. So the job of bureaucrats is to interpret the law and formulate policies to implement the law. Administrative functions include collecting fees, issuing permits, giving tests, etc. These help to keep the federal system in order. Bureaucrats formulate rules by which federal and state programs operate and may regulate the same.

2. Is there constitutional legitimacy for public administration?

A: This is a topic of extensive debate since the constitution formulated by the founding fathers of USA did not specifically mention a set framework for public adminstration. Structures were formulated later to conform to the founders' vision of America.

3. What is policy implementation?

A: When any new law is passed by the parliament, it often does not come with defined policy-directives. So the job of bureaucrats is to interpret the law and formulate policies to implement the law.

4. Examine in detail one major policy instrument (that is, one policy option that has been proposed to solve a public problem) that has received attention in ONE of the following areas: immigration; education; energy; OR taxation.

A: Immigration: Changes to H1-B visa procedure (2016-17) : On 3rd March , 2017 the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service announced that "starting from April 3, 2017 they would temporarily suspend premium processing for all H-1B visa petitions until further notice.President Trump signed a "Buy American, Hire American" Executive Order on 18th April, 2017  setting broad policy intentions directing federal agencies to propose reforms to the H-1B visa system.

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