Suppose that a packet\'s payload consists of 10 eight-bit values (e.g., represen

Question

Suppose that a packet's payload consists of 10 eight-bit values (e.g., representing ten ASCII-encoded characters) shown below. (Here, we have arrange the ten eight-bit values as five sixteen-bit values): Compute the two-dimensional parity bits for each of the five rows and sixteen columns assuming odd parity. Assume that the parity bit in the lower right corner is computed so that the parity of the row panty bits in the last row has odd parity. Now consider the example below that shows both the payload and the two-dimensional parity bits (shown in green), and where exactly one of the payload or parity bits shown has been corrupted. In this example, odd panty is used. Indicate the row and the column location of the bit that has flipped from its original value Last, consider the example below that shows both the payload bits (in black) and the two-dimensional parity bits (in green), and where exactly two payload or parity bits shown has been corrupted. In this example, odd parity is used.

Explanation / Answer

a)

in a series of 1's and 0's if we have odd number of 1's then the odd parity of that particular stream is 0. If we have even number of 1's then the odd parity of that stream is 1. Keeping this in mind we can solve the problem.

we have

10001001 00110110

00101011 10111000

11011111 11101000

00110110 11100100

01101110 10100001

first row - we have 7 1's parity is 0

second row - we have 8 1's parity is 1

third row - we have 11 1's parity is 0

fourth row - we have 8 1's parity is 1

fifth row - we have 8 1's parity is 1

first column - 2 1's pairty is 1

2nd Column - parity is 1

3 C - parity is 0

4 C - parity is 0

5 C - parity is 0

6 C - parity is 1

7 C - parity is 0

8 C - parity is 1

9 C - parity is 0

10 C - parity is 0

11 C - parity is 1

12 C - parity is 0

13 C - parity is 0

14 C - parity is 1

15 C - parity is 1

16 C - parity is 1

b)

If the parity value has changed from the previous value in that particular row/column then the bit has flipped.

11th column there is a problem. we are using odd parity and overall parity is 0 whereas it should be 1.

2nd row also the same problem is there.

c)

5th row we have 7 1's odd parity should be 0 but it is 1.

15th column we have 2 1's odd parity should be 1.

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