IT 441 ( I need write answer don\'t but Image ) Q1: Explain the new approach to

Question

IT 441 ( I need write answer don't but Image )

Q1: Explain the new approach to organizing information that was introduced by Bush and Nelson. Give a specific reference to each person’s contribution to this approach ?

Q2: Identify the reasons to anticipate further development in multimedia computing ?

Q3 :

Explain the two types of file compression? Then determine the best compression strategy suited for:             

a- Photograph of sailboat on ocean.

b- Journal article explaining nanotechnology.

Q4: What are the advantages and disadvantages of Description-Based Encoding and Command-Based Encoding?

Explanation / Answer

1. The new approach to organize information that was started by Bush, Lee and Nelson was based on how the different items of the information are related to each other. In older times the information was used to be classified on the basis of alphabetical and numerical lists and there was no classification on the basis of logical manner.Bush proposed associations of related information. He understood that the data will be more useful and more easliy accessed if it will be related logically. He developed a theoritical system called Memex in which a series of trails of associations identified related items that can be saved, copied, shared and linked to other trails. The ideology of Nelson was related to that of Bush. He used the term hypertext to describe the interactive text which is linked to the other information. He extended his concept by making the computer central to the task of re-organizing and presenting information. He proposed adynamic library that can be accessed by everyone and named it Xanadu.

2.There are many reasons to anticipate further development in multimedia computing:

3. In general there are two types of file compressions:

Lossless compression: In the lossless compression, the compression algorithm does not lose any part of data. That means that the exact source data is generated after decompression. In the business communication we use lossless compression for text based data and information. It should be used to compress executable programs. The major purpose and the challenge for lossless compression algorithm is to compress data as much as possible and get back the original data by taking minimum time.

Lossy Compression: In the lossy compression, the algorithm does some loss of data to achieve higher compression. We do not get exact original data back in lossy compression. This compression works on those data in which some fidelity is acceptable. Pictures, audio and video format data are usually compressed with lossy compression algorithm because among these some loss of data can be tolerated. Graphical image can be compressed either as lossless or lossy method depending on the requirement.

4.Description based encoding: It provides a detailed representation of the discrete elements that comprises the media.

Advantages of description based encoding:

Disadvantages of description based encoding:

It includes large file sizes.

It looses quality if enlarged.

Command based encoding: It includes a set of instructions that the computer follows to produce the digital media.

Advantages of command based encoding:

The file sizes are small.

The scaled without distortion.

Disadvantages of command based encoding:

It is not appropriate for detailed photographs and natural sounds.

It requires knowledge of music and vector image creation.

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