In need of your sincere help please! Consider an example scenario where you want

Question

In need of your sincere help please!

Consider an example scenario where you want to send some merchandise to your friend living in another city (the kind of friend and the kind of merchandise doesn't matter). You need to answer the following questions:

a) Relate the process of sending the merchandise from the source to destination with the 5 layers of Internet protocol suite. Make reasonable assumptions to explain different concepts in a simple way.

Example: We can assume that a lot of merchandise is to be carried and at the Transport layer, the carrier decides to divide the merchandise in individual packages and send them independently. At the receiving end, they are re-arranged. This is just an example, you need to decide something better.

b) In reference to the example, find a suitable analogy to explain the end-systems and the packet-switches within the overall process? Make reasonable assumption to clarify all the relevant concepts.

c) In reference to the example, find a suitable analogy to the overall internet structure? Make reasonable assumptions to clarify all the relevant concepts such as local and global (tier1 ISPs) POP, IXP, MultiHop and others.

Explanation / Answer

a) For Suppose let we take Placing order in Online shopping app. For this, First we need to place an order by specifing the address of destinantion. This is for Application Layer througth this we have to send the data packets(Address) to retailer ie Transport Layer. In the retailer store he will confirm the address and order items or merchandies then he will deside whether it is urgent delivery or delay ie.. TCP, UDP connections for fast process then merchandies will send to shipper for packing, he has resposibility to send merchadies without any damage, as well as within the time ie..Transport Layer.

Comming to network Layer: After shipping, dealer need to collect the merchandies and he hasidentify the area/location of the destination ie.. based on the IP address packets will identify the destination address in the network suite in the same based on the address dealer will identify the destinantion location near to the sub-dealer

Sub-dealer will receive the merchandies and he will assign the delivery process to delivery boys by giving destination person contact number and destinantion address. The delivery boy has touch with destination address person so herre we can observe DataLink Layer.

Finally delivery the merchandies to the destinantion withouth any damage so here we can identify the Physical Layer

B) Packet Switching: It is the process of sending packets to destination individually, in transmmission if any break is happen need to reaasemble the packets...In the above example, if the dealer forget to send any item or mercahand, or any receiving problem the dealer again need to send the item with corresponded sub-dealer

End-Systems: The end-systems are devices which provide information or service.end-systems are computers.In our above example before shipping merchant needd to comfirm the order andhe nned to send the slip, as well as after delivering the product merchant will get hard and soft copy of order delivery in the form of e-mail/message

C) The Internet backbone is made up of many large networks which interconnect with each other. These large networks are known as Network Service Providers or NSPs. Some of the large NSPs are UUNet, CerfNet, IBM, BBN Planet, SprintNet, PSINet, as well as others. These networks peer with each other to exchange packet traffic. Each NSP is required to connect to three Network Access Points or NAPs. At the NAPs, packet traffic may jump from one NSP's backbone to another NSP's backbone. NSPs also interconnect at Metropolitan Area Exchanges or MAEs. MAEs serve the same purpose as the NAPs but are privately owned. NAPs were the original Internet interconnect points. Both NAPs and MAEs are referred to as Internet Exchange Points or IXs. NSPs also sell bandwidth to smaller networks, such as ISPs and smaller bandwidth providers. Below is a picture showing this hierarchical infrastructure.

POP means Point of Presence: In the above example ponit of presence is applicable in delivery process delevary boy need to wait upto the submissionof mercahndies

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