help with the following please. Thanks in advance! The diagram below depicts the
ID: 3878005 • Letter: H
Question
help with the following please.
Thanks in advance!
The diagram below depicts the general architecture of the Windows operating system Describe the purpose of four of the components shown in the diagram below Explain the difference between User Mode and Kernel Mode and discuss how these modes contribute to enhancing the operating system's security User Applications Win32 Subsystem User Mode System Win32 AP (Kernel32 dll,User32.dl,GD32.dll) Session Manager WinLogon Environment Functions NTOLL.DLL User Mode Kernel Mode Executive Services Kernel Mode System Process System Services Win32K SYS VO Manage Runtime Process Library Thread Manager Manager Functions Manager Cache Manager and ODject Digital File Systenn Kernel Hardware Device Drivers Graphics Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Device DriversExplanation / Answer
Purpose of the four components:-
User Mode:- It is made up of the various system-defined processes and the DLLs.User mode in windows is made of subsystems capable of passing I/O requests to the appropriate kernel mode device drivers by using the I/O manager. The user mode layer of windows is made up of the environment subsystems which run applications written for many different types of operating systems, and the integral subsystem which operates system specific functions on behalf of environment subsystems.
Kernel Mode:- Kernel mode in windows has full access to the hardware and system resources of the computer. The kernel mode stops user mode services and applications from accessing critical areas of the operating system that they should not have access to.
Executive Services:- It deals with all the user mode subsystems, I/O, object management, security and process management.It is divided into several subsystems, among which are Cache Manager, Configuration Manager, I/O Manager, Local Procedure Call, Memory Manager, Object Manager, Process Structure and Security Reference Monitor etc.
Hardware:-Hardware is specially constructed to execute the algorithm, but there is some input data which is allowed to vary. This input data is read at run-time by the machine.
- Difference between user mode and kernel mode
A processor in a computer running windows has two different modes: user mode and kernel mode. The processor switches between the two modes depending on what type of code is running on the processor. Applications run in user mode, and core operating system components run in kernel mode. While many drivers run in kernel mode, some drivers may run in user mode.The basic differences are given below between the two modes.
Kernel Mode:- In kernel mode, the executing code has complete and unrestricted access to the underlying hardware. It can execute any CPU instruction and reference any memory address. Kernel mode is generally reserved for the lowest-level, most trusted functions of the operating system. Crashes in kernel mode are catastrophic; they will halt the entire computer.
User Mode:- In user mode, the executing code has no ability to directly access hardware or reference memory. Code running in user mode must delegate to system APIs to access hardware or memory. Due to the protection afforded by this sort of isolation, crashes in user mode are always recoverable. Most of the code running on your computer will execute in user mode.
From the security point of view both modes are not merely label, they're enforced by the CPU hardware. If code executing in User mode attempts to do something outside its purview like, accessing a privileged CPU instruction or modifying memory that it has no access to a trappable exception is thrown. Instead of your entire system crashing, only that particular application crashes.
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