Computer Systems Computer storage forms a hierarchy. As shown in Figure 1.9 in t

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Computer Systems

Computer storage forms a hierarchy. As shown in Figure 1.9 in the textbook, the types of storage high in the "pyramid" are orders of magnitude faster than the types at its base (e.g. hard drives, optical storage,..). Some access times are given for current hardware in the following table 1 (Recall that the abbreviation ns is for nano seconds and ms is for milliseconds.) So, looking at the table, we see for example if we'd like to read something stored in a L1 cache.it should take about a half of a nano second to fetch it, etc. In our everyday lives, we're not used to dealing with units of time this small. To give us a sense of how much slower devices at the bottom of the pyramid are from the top, let's pretend instead that access times are in units to which we're more accustomed Using the same ratios as we had in the table 1, fill in the following fake access times in Table 2.

Explanation / Answer

For the table 2, we have scaling ration of 2*109 . Now, table 2 will look like this:

Hope it helps, feels free to comment in case of any query.

Location Fake Access time L1 Cache 1 sec L2 cache 14 sec Main Memory(DRAM) 200 sec Local Hard Drive 20*106 sec Remote storage 400*106 sec

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