The interaction between the main program and the function is solely through the
ID: 3891333 • Letter: T
Question
The interaction between the main program and the function is solely through the stack. The function stores $ra immediately after being called and restores $ra before returning to main. The main program reserves a static C like array (index starts from 0) of 10 elements and initializes it. The maximum should be in locations 4 and 5 (same number) and the minimum in location 7. Locations 0, 1, 8, and 9 should contain the same value. Furthermore, the main program stores the base address of the array in $t0 and the array size in $s0 and has to use these registers after calling the function (you do not have to code the register usage). The function receives the starting address of an array of 32-bit integers and the number of elements in the array from the main program, finds the maximum integer, the minimum integer within the array, and the average value of the elements in the array and returns the maximum, minimum, average, and the locations of the minimum and maximum values in the array to the main program. Further assume that the function uses $t0 as a pointer to array elements. Additionally, the function stores the index used to “navigate” through the array in $s0. Hence, both $t0 and $s0 are changed by the function. After calling the function, and receiving the results, the main program prints these results to the screen and stops.
Can you please translate the c++ code below into MIPS assembly language using the instructions above as a guide.
My C++ Code :
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void minMaxAvg(int&, int&, double&, int, int&, int&, int *);
int main(){
const int SIZE = 10;
int arr[SIZE] = {2,2,3,4,10,10,5,1,2,2};
int *p;
int max = 0;
int min = arr[0];
int maxPos = 0;
int minPos = 0;
double avg = 0;
p = arr;
minMaxAvg(max, min, avg, SIZE, maxPos, minPos, p);
cout << "Max: " << max << ", Index: " << maxPos << endl;
cout << "Min: " << min << ", Index: " << minPos << endl;
cout << "Average: " << avg << endl;
return 0;
}
void minMaxAvg(int &max, int &min, double &avg, int SIZE, int &maxPos, int &minPos,int *p){
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++){
if(*(p + i) > max){
max = *(p + i);
maxPos = i;
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++){
if(*(p + i) < min){
min = *(p + i);
minPos = i;
}
}
for(int i = 0; i < SIZE; i++){
avg = avg + *(p + i);
}
avg = avg / SIZE;
}
Explanation / Answer
Dear Sir/Madam,
Please find the below assembly code for your c++ code.
Assembly Code:
.LC1 [complete object constructor] [complete object constructor]:
.string "Max: "
.LC2 [base object constructor] [base object constructor]:
.string ", Index: "
.LC3 [complete object allocating constructor] [complete object allocating constructor]:
.string "Min: "
.LC4:
.string "Average: "
main:
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
sub rsp, 96
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 10
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-64], 2
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-60], 2
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-56], 3
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-52], 4
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-48], 10
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-44], 10
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-40], 5
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-36], 1
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-32], 2
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-28], 2
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-68], 0
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-64]
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-72], eax
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-76], 0
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-80], 0
pxor xmm0, xmm0
movsd QWORD PTR [rbp-88], xmm0
lea rax, [rbp-64]
mov QWORD PTR [rbp-16], rax
lea rdi, [rbp-80]
lea rcx, [rbp-76]
lea rdx, [rbp-88]
lea rsi, [rbp-72]
lea rax, [rbp-68]
sub rsp, 8
push QWORD PTR [rbp-16]
mov r9, rdi
mov r8, rcx
mov ecx, 10
mov rdi, rax
call minMaxAvg(int&, int&, double&, int, int&, int&, int*)
add rsp, 16
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC1 [complete object constructor] [complete object constructor]
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4cout
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
mov rdx, rax
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-68]
mov esi, eax
mov rdi, rdx
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(int)
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC2 [base object constructor] [base object constructor]
mov rdi, rax
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
mov rdx, rax
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-76]
mov esi, eax
mov rdi, rdx
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(int)
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_
mov rdi, rax
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC3 [complete object allocating constructor] [complete object allocating constructor]
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4cout
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
mov rdx, rax
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-72]
mov esi, eax
mov rdi, rdx
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(int)
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC2 [base object constructor] [base object constructor]
mov rdi, rax
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
mov rdx, rax
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-80]
mov esi, eax
mov rdi, rdx
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(int)
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_
mov rdi, rax
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC4
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4cout
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
movsd xmm0, QWORD PTR [rbp-88]
mov rdi, rax
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(double)
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZSt4endlIcSt11char_traitsIcEERSt13basic_ostreamIT_T0_ES6_
mov rdi, rax
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))
mov eax, 0
leave
ret
minMaxAvg(int&, int&, double&, int, int&, int&, int*):
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov QWORD PTR [rbp-24], rdi
mov QWORD PTR [rbp-32], rsi
mov QWORD PTR [rbp-40], rdx
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-44], ecx
mov QWORD PTR [rbp-56], r8
mov QWORD PTR [rbp-64], r9
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 0
.L6:
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cmp eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-44]
jge .L4
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cdqe
lea rdx, [0+rax*4]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp+16]
add rax, rdx
mov edx, DWORD PTR [rax]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-24]
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rax]
cmp edx, eax
jle .L5
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
cdqe
lea rdx, [0+rax*4]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp+16]
add rax, rdx
mov edx, DWORD PTR [rax]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-24]
mov DWORD PTR [rax], edx
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-56]
mov edx, DWORD PTR [rbp-4]
mov DWORD PTR [rax], edx
.L5:
add DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
jmp .L6
.L4:
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 0
.L9:
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-8]
cmp eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-44]
jge .L7
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-8]
cdqe
lea rdx, [0+rax*4]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp+16]
add rax, rdx
mov edx, DWORD PTR [rax]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-32]
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rax]
cmp edx, eax
jge .L8
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-8]
cdqe
lea rdx, [0+rax*4]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp+16]
add rax, rdx
mov edx, DWORD PTR [rax]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-32]
mov DWORD PTR [rax], edx
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-64]
mov edx, DWORD PTR [rbp-8]
mov DWORD PTR [rax], edx
.L8:
add DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 1
jmp .L9
.L7:
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-12], 0
.L11:
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-12]
cmp eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-44]
jge .L10
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-40]
movsd xmm1, QWORD PTR [rax]
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rbp-12]
cdqe
lea rdx, [0+rax*4]
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp+16]
add rax, rdx
mov eax, DWORD PTR [rax]
cvtsi2sd xmm0, eax
addsd xmm0, xmm1
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-40]
movsd QWORD PTR [rax], xmm0
add DWORD PTR [rbp-12], 1
jmp .L11
.L10:
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-40]
movsd xmm0, QWORD PTR [rax]
cvtsi2sd xmm1, DWORD PTR [rbp-44]
divsd xmm0, xmm1
mov rax, QWORD PTR [rbp-40]
movsd QWORD PTR [rax], xmm0
nop
pop rbp
ret
__static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int):
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
sub rsp, 16
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-4], edi
mov DWORD PTR [rbp-8], esi
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-4], 1
jne .L14
cmp DWORD PTR [rbp-8], 65535
jne .L14
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZStL8__ioinit
call std::ios_base::Init::Init() [complete object constructor]
mov edx, OFFSET FLAT:__dso_handle
mov esi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZStL8__ioinit
mov edi, OFFSET FLAT:_ZNSt8ios_base4InitD1Ev
call __cxa_atexit
.L14:
nop
leave
ret
_GLOBAL__sub_I_main:
push rbp
mov rbp, rsp
mov esi, 65535
mov edi, 1
call __static_initialization_and_destruction_0(int, int)
pop rbp
ret
if you have any quireis please ping me at yoganjula.g@hotmail.com
Thank you and all the best :)
With Regards,
Yoganjula Reddy G.
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