principles of professional ethics 1) Describe the trolley example and explain wh
ID: 420199 • Letter: P
Question
principles of professional ethics
1) Describe the trolley example and explain why it is an ethical dilemma.
2) What is utilitarianism? Use examples to explain the theory where helpful.
3) What are the strengths of Mill’s theory? What are its weaknesses?
4) Explain what utilitarianism would say you should do in the example of the healthy patient.
5) Critically discuss the issue of testing on humans from a moral point of view. Explain your answer with examples.
6) Critically evaluate Milton Friedman’s arguments against corporate social responsibility. Use examples where helpful.
7) Explain two or more objections to Mill’s theory. Say whether you think are good objections and explain your answer with reasons.
8) Describe Mill’s moral theory. Use examples where helpful.
9) Describe the example of the doctor with the five sick patients, explaining the doctor’s options and the moral reasons for and against each choice. Do the same for the trolley example. Are the examples different in any morally important ways? Explain your answer?
Explanation / Answer
1. Trolley example -
A runaway trolley is headed for five individuals. These will be killed if the trolley does not change track. Switching to another track will kill one person. In the second scenario, the person will have to push a fat person on to the tracks to save the five. The second dilemma involves direct, and, personal action. These dilemmas activate areas associated with emotion. Impersonal dilemmas activate areas associated with cognitive processing.
2. Utilitarianism defines the theory of actions. It is a normative ethics theory. Actions should be judged right or wrong on the reduction of unhappiness, or, the production of happiness. This is the basis on which actions should be evaluated when it comes to morality, public policies, laws, and, social institutions. Utilitarianism is a major ethical philosophy. Example, the bombing of Hiroshima, and, Nagasaki. Had the US not taken this action many institutions would have still been there in the Second World War, with Japan killing numerous each day.
Another example is the discriminatory pricing in the airlines' industry.
3. Strengths of Mill's theory
Weaknesses
4) Utilitarianism in case of a healthy patient
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