plz help me annotation every paragraph as one sectence, thank you guys lack of e
ID: 442944 • Letter: P
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plz help me annotation every paragraph as one sectence, thank you guys
lack of evidence.37 M. L. West rightly points out that Herodotus must have based his statement on personal knowledge gained during his stay in Egypt,38 but that trail has left no traces; he also states that the precise form of the doctrine "of the soul's prog ress through many thousands of years" "is found, outside Greece, only in India, and it is found there in a form strikingly like the Pythagorean."39 It is somewhat surprising to learn that even in India the belief in transmigration is attested only in the later scriptures. The Rig Veda contains only brief hints that could scarcely be so construed without the benefit of hindsight:40 not until the Upanishads do we stand on firmer ground.41 As usual, dating is approximate at best, but we are probably not far from the beginnings of Buddhism and Jainism, both of which pre- sume highly developed theories of rebirth, as do the classic later strains of Hinduism. Thus, the doctrine seems to have been introduced rather late (eighth-fifth centuries B.C.E.?) but then to have rapidly, widely, and firmly been accepted by just about every major system of Indian thought. In Greece the time frame is comparable, though the reception is not. Pherecydes and Pythagoras belong to the sixth century B.C.E. In the early to mid-fifth century, the doctrine appears not only in the Presocratic Empedocles42 but also in the lyric poetry of Pindar (Olympian 2.55-56, frag. 133), which indicates some exposure outside philosophical circles.43 Yet none of these would seem to justify Socrates' calling the tradition "ancient." That word points in the direction of Orpheus, the legendary poet-priest, whose myths would place him some time before the Trojan War (ca 1200 B.CE?). In fact, the cult of “Orphism," of which he was the reputed founder, seems also to date from the sixth century B.C.E.,44 but his mythical associations were sufficiently "ancient" to warrant that epithet for the cult's beliefs.45 Just what those beliefs were is very difficult to say with precision. There is a great deal of confusion between Orphism and Pythagoreanism, partly at least because both sects were compulsively secretive, partly because the Pythagoreans also laid claim to the Orphic texts.46 For us i is less crucial to separate the strands of similar systems than to point out that the Orphics, Pythagoreans, Empedocles, and Plato were all expounding dooc trines of a cycle of rebirths from which the soul is striving to gain release. The degree of influence each of the others may have had on Plato is arguable, but no one would claim that he was ignorant of them, and it may be relevant to note that (according to most chronologies) Plato spent some time in Italy and Sicily before writing the Phaedo, and both places were major centers for both Pythagoreanism and Orphism.47 The emphasis on purity is nothing unusual in Greek religion,48 but combined with the doctrine of metempsychosis it acquires new meaning, as the requisite for progress toward ultimate release from the cycle of rebirths. Here, too, the Orphics and Pythagoreans had already broken ground: followers of both sects practiced an ascetic lifestyle that has been characterized as "puritan."49 The point may be grasped from Empedocles' Katharmoi ("Purifications"). The fragments of that poem seem to indicate that the soul moves upwards through various incarnations: “Already I have once been a boy and a girl/ and a bush and a bird and a silent fish in the sea" (fragExplanation / Answer
1)M.L west has gained knowledge in Egypt, but he has got more information about many thousands of years soul progress activity in India.
2)Buddhism and Jainism both of developed theories of rebirth strains of Hinduism the hints were given by Rig Veda In scriptures.
3)The doctrine appears also in poetry mode, war had started between poet and priest regarding culture belief of Pherecydes, and Pythagoras.
4)Orphics,Pythagorems, Empedocles, and Plato were all searching and learning about cycle of rebirths of soul. Out of these person Plato gained more knowledge.
5)Soul dispatching were believing similar in Greek and India.
6)Buddha’s comprehensive statement about morality, concentration, wisdom to live a life without corruptions.
7)Morality, concentration, and wisdom and traditional divisions of the noble truth have explained elaboration.
8)There are three types of rebirth, one is non returned, born once more, stream winner.
9)Body is compound so it gets perishes but the soul is not perishes. Socrates believed it is a seal of reality but pluto believing doctrine of selfishness.
10)Soul is wants free form body, it gets by death only.
11)A person living for a century, he/she have sixteen localities is needed for making good life.
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