The world of counseling The ______ ushered in the era of true developmental coun

ID: 450753 • Letter: T

Question

The world of counseling

The ______ ushered in the era of true developmental counseling.

1950's

1960's

1970's

1980's

2 points

Question 2

In more recent years, development has been viewed as a lifelong journey in which there is __________; that is, the individual has the ability to stretch and change cognitively, physically, interpersonally, intrapsychically, morally, and spiritually.

Flexibility

Plasticity

Determinism

Mobility

2 points

Question 3

_____________ theories suggest that there are transition points from one developmental level to another.

Developmental

Behavioral

Physical

Social

2 points

Question 4

Adolescence is the time when teenagers will compare themselves to each other as they develop their __________.

Personality

Individuality

Identity

Character

2 points

Question 5

Children in the __________ stage will have difficulty with metaphors or proverbs, because they haven’t developed the capacity to think abstractly.

Sensorimotor

Preoperational

Concrete-operational

Formal-operational

2 points

Question 6

______________ wondered how children come to understand the world around them and to justify their behavior.

Jung

Kohlberg

Piaget

Freud

2 points

Question 7

_____________ questioned Kohlberg’s assumptions and noted that most of his research was based on a small group of boys; after conducting research with girls and women s/he proposed that moral reasoning for females might be different.

Freud

Satir

Gilligan

Jones

2 points

Question 8

__________ engage in all-or-nothing thinking and believe that experts have answers to almost all questions.

Dualists

Relativists

Constructivists

Epistemologists

2 points

Question 9

Erikson believed that psychosocial forces, in combination with ____________ and internal psychological factors were major contributors to the development of a healthy person.

Biological

Emotional

Social

Spiritual

2 points

Question 10

Which psychosocial stage of development occurs during middle adulthood?

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Ego integrity vs. despair

Generativity vs. stagnation

Industry vs. Inferiority

2 points

Question 11

Levinson’s concept of life structures refers to all but which of the following issues?

Intellectual development

Uses of solitude

Love relationships

Roles in social contexts

2 points

Question 12

____________ developed a model of women’s ways of understanding the world.

Belenky

Chickering

Vaillant

Reisser

2 points

Question 13

How we identify with our cultural or ethnic group can be explained as a _________ process.

Historical

Developmental

Societal

Familial

2 points

Question 14

The __________ offers clinicians a mechanism for understanding how some individuals deviate from more typical behavior.

PDR

ICD

DSM

CDC

2 points

Question 15

The ________________ debate as it relates to personality formation has a long and turbulent history that continues today.

Nature versus nurture

Individual versus group

Abnormal versus normal

Animal versus human

2 points

Question 16

Freud identified a structure of personality that includes all of the following constructs, except:

Ego

Superego

Subconscious

2 points

Question 17

Skinner was a(n) ________ theorist.

Learning

Cognitive

Existential

Humanistic

2 points

Question 18

__________ is any stimulus that, when removed following a response, increases the likelihood of that response.

Positive reinforcement

Punishment

Negative Reinforcement

Discrimination

2 points

Question 19

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, the highest need to be satisfied is __________.

Self-actualization

self-esteem

Love and belonging

Self-worth

2 points

Question 20

Rogers believed that we all have a need to be loved and that significant people in our lives often place __________ upon us.

Incongruent feelings

Conditions of worth

nongenuine feelings

abnormal feelings

2 points

Question 21

The DSM-IV had a __________ diagnostic system, while the current edition has a __________ approach to diagnosis.

Biological; environmental

Dichotomous; numerical

Categorical; continuous

Multiaxial; single-axis

2 points

Question 22

_____________ disorders occur when there is a disruption of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment.

Somatoform

Dissociative

Factitious

Eating

2 points

Question 23

Cluster __________ personality disorders are characterized by overly emotional, melodramatic, or unpredictable behaviors and interpersonal relations.

2 points

Question 24

Antipsychotic drugs, sometimes called __________, are generally used for the treatment of schizophrenia, as well as schizoaffective disorders, and the manic phase of bipolar disorder?

Anticholinergics

Extrapyamidals

Neuroleptics

Atypicals

2 points

Question 25

This legal case ruled that individuals can no longer be involuntarily held in mental institutions for extended periods of time if they are not in danger of harming themselves or others (i.e., confinement against one’s will)?

Tarasoff

Donaldson v. O’Connor

Addington v. Texas

Cooper v. Oklahoma

1950's

1960's

1970's

1980's

Explanation / Answer

1. The correct answer is fourth option i.e, 1980's.

In U.S, the school counselling profession started as the guidance movement at the beginning of the 20th century. And it has seen different changes and growth however the actual development took place in 1980 with the establishment of the CACREP (Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Realted Programs) which focused on human development as the important aspect of counseling profession.

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