Adults emerging per 150 eggs of each fly type placed on each fruit type (egg-to-
ID: 45427 • Letter: A
Question
Adults emerging per 150 eggs of each fly type placed on each fruit type (egg-to-adult survival)
Poisontree seeds from main island
Poisontree seeds from small island
Seeds from other species of trees from main island
Flies from main island
0
0
145
Flies from small island
140
140
20
-Describe how you would test the hypothesis that the small island and the main island flies are separate species under the phylogenetic species concept.
-Describe how you would test the hypothesis that the small island and main island flies are separate species under the biological species concept.
Poisontree seeds from main island
Poisontree seeds from small island
Seeds from other species of trees from main island
Flies from main island
0
0
145
Flies from small island
140
140
20
Explanation / Answer
1. Phylogeny refers to evolutionary relationship between the species under consideration. To test the hypothesis that the small island and the main island flies are separate species under the phylogenetic species concept we have to consider a situation in which reproduction or isolation among organisms could not be observed. In this case we can consider egg-to-adult survival as criteria and find that number of eggs survived from flies of small island is very low (only 20 out of 150- 13.3 %) when placed on seeds from other species of trees from main island. If there was high levels of fly phylogenetic species relationship concept between the two islands the survival rate of eggs of migratory flies should have been significantly higher.
2. Study of biological species concept will involve genetic changes over time and gene flow between species under consideration. To test the hypothesis that the small island and main island flies are separate species under the biological species concept we can consider the ability to develop and inherit resistance against poisonous seeds produced by trees of main and small island. It has been found that only resistance against toxic seeds produced by trees of main and small island have been developed and inherited only in flies from small island but not in flies from main island.
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