Research Project Proposal You will develop a research project proposal that will
ID: 460200 • Letter: R
Question
Research Project Proposal
You will develop a research project proposal that will include different parts. This is a research project proposal, not a business plan proposal or business analysis proposal.
You need to think of a research project topic that is interesting to you and related to your field of study. If you are in business or management you can choose a topic related to business or management. For example, there is a new business or new management strategy in the market. You will need to develop a research proposal that you will do a research to find out if the new business strategy or the new management strategy will be good and applicable for your company or not. If you are in information technology you can choose something related to information technology. For example, there is new software or a new hardware in the market. You will need to develop a research proposal that you will do a research to find out if the new software or the new hardware will be good and applicable to your company or not. You will develop a research proposal that will include different parts. The parts are explained below. These parts actually become sections that you need to include and discuss in your research project proposal.
The completed research project proposal will include the following parts/sections.
Abstract: a large paragraph to a one page abstract.
Table of Contents (List of sections/parts of the research project proposal).
-Introduction.
-Review of the Literature.
-Statement of the Problem.
-Purpose of the Study.
-Hypotheses
-Appendices (if there is any appendix necessary such as graph, chart, table, etc.) -
-Bibliography/References
-Introduction
You will introduce the topic or idea that you have for your research proposal. (Maximum 1 page). Example: you are in business and there is a new business strategy or a new management style in the market or you are in technology and a new technology has come to market.
Review of the Literature
you will review a few resources related to the topic of your research. If there is something new in business or technology, you will review and explain a few resources that have talked and written about that. (Estimated: 3-4 pages).
Statement of the Problem
you will explain what the problem is that you want to study.
Example: x business strategy or x management strategy or x technology is good but we don’t have it in our company.(Half page).
Purpose of the Study
you explain what the purpose of your study is.
Example: the study will try to find out how that x business strategy, or that x management strategy, or that information technology tool, can improve the company or in what ways it can improve the company if you get it for the company. (Half a page).
Hypotheses
You create 3 hypotheses for 3 different ways that your idea can improve your company. (Example: the x business strategy, or the x management strategy, or the x information technology can improve your company at least in 3 ways, each way becomes a hypothesis in your study.
Example:
Hypothesis-1: that x (your idea) will improve the quality of work of company employees. Hypothesis-2: that x (your idea) will improve the production speed of the company. Hypothesis-3: that x will (your idea) will improve ………………………………………………….
Bibliography/References
You will list a bibliography of resources that you have studied/used for your research proposal. (At least 3 references).
Attention:
The research project proposal is estimated at 5 to 7 pages.
Typed, double-spaced, font 12, using APA style.
Explanation / Answer
Ans:
Abstract— The paper would report the implementation of Kaizen techniques which is the integral part of the lean manufacturing system. The kaizen are prerequisites for any improvement program. Lean manufacturing is a production philosophy is derived from the Toyota Production system (TPS). This concept having goals of reducing eliminating wastes .As waste is potential gain, so eliminating waste is a gain. Kaizen Philosophy focuses on effective work place organization, simplifies work environment, and reduces waste while improving quality and safety. There is no hope for efficiency or quality improvement with dirty work place, waste of time and scrap.
Purpose: The aim of this paper is showing the implementation of Kaizen methodology in order to create a good working environment which leads to increases the productive and profits.
Design/methodology/approach: In the frames of this topic find out different types of methodology to implement the Kaizen procedure in the production process. The research has embraced the estimation of kaizen ideas including: connection of the kaizen with the range of duty, employee’s creativeness, practicality and efficiency of the idea, resources,
Keywords: Continuous improvement, worker responsibility and commitment, Innovation, Kaizen idea.
Introduction
Kaizen is an integral part of lean manufacturing system . The word Kaizen indicates a process of continuous improvement of the standard way of work. The word involving two concepts Kai ( change ) and Zen ( for the better ) The term comes from Gemba Kaizen meaning ‘Continuous Improvement’ (CI). Continuous Improvement is one of the core strategies for excellence in production, and is considered vital in today’s competitive environment. It calls for endless effort for improvement involving everyone in the organization. Competition and continuously increasing standards of customer satisfaction Kaizen strives to empower the workers, increase worker satisfaction, facilitates a sense of accomplishment, thereby creating a pride of work. It not only ensures that manufacturing processes become leaner and fitter, but eliminate waste where value is added has proven to be the endless driver of organizations performance improvement.
Although Kaizen is usually associated with Continuous Improvement (CI), some researchers also consider that Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) is a natural evolution of TQM and CI perspective. Kaizen epitomizes the mobilization of the workforce, providing the main channel for employees to contribute to their company’s development.
It is further divided into following categories:
Kanban
– apply pull approach to managing the material flow. Its application is less applicable in companies dealing with mass production. The main reason is the gradual entry of work orders away from the final operation. Mass production is characterized by the production lines that are already configured for optimum run, it is not necessary to control the flow through the KANBAN. Push management system in this case is preferable especially in situations where it is necessary to use higher among stocks.
Literature Review:-
Bekar,llter.(2009),This company face the big problem in Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and it create problems in the machine operators to undertake the maintenance activities and therefore to increase the efficiency of the equipments the company wanted to implement the kaizen technique because it struggles with six great losses leads to decreasing the efficiency of the equipment. The kaizen, which is the pre-step of TPM, and also it, is a systematic approach providing the contribution of all personnel in the cleaning factor of the company. The clean and steady environment targeted by kaizen has positive impacts on the work safety, quality, and efficiency. In this study, kaizen system, used for ensuring order and discipline in the companies . The company main target is to drop six great losses (equipment defect losses, equipment preparation and adjustment losses, small stops and idle operation losses, speed losses, quality defects and reprocessing losses, product losses and initial losses) to zero or to the lowest level and to provide the increase of product quality. So for this, the company improved in their material selection and also in methods applying in their production. As company has totally 29,000 m2 area formed of 14,000 m2 closed and 15,000 m2 open area. The total number of the personnel working at the company is 360 and 80 of them are employed under white-collar personnel team and 280 of them are employed in production department as blue-collar personnel. First off all company issued some Reports through the observations made in the production site in order to identify and remove the negativities affecting the quality and they have been presented to the top management. It has been decided on to initiate improvement activities in all departments of the company according to these findings. However, since the work volume is high and has direct connection with the other departments, it has been agreed to apply on all the processes within the company and company prepared some questions for the better assessment scores in each department as 0 = Very bad, 1 = Bad, 2 = Average, 3 = Good and 4 = Very good have been determined. At last the Scores of each week are summed up, so weekly total assessment scores are obtained and the assessments are made through reflecting the weekly scores on the graphics.
Anon.( 2006 ),This company faces the big problem concern to Safety Measure and this leads to adverse events like death and serious injury in hospitals. So for the provision of safe care continues to present big challenges aground the world. To address this problem, an “Action on patient safety” the kaizen techniques must be initiated in Commonwealth Fund and this is sponsored by World Health Organization. This initiative implementation of kaizen must be the standardize patient safety solution that would have a broad impact in preventing the adverse events that is death and serious injury in Hospitals. They set a objective regarding to safety concern to achieve the significant, sustained, and measurable reduction in safety problems over 5 years in at least 7 countries that are Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom and many more and also to build an international learning network by sharing of knowledge and experience on safety operating protocols. So for this they take the some important decision and implementation method.
First off all they select they select the main focus area to solve the problem.
1.Prevention of patient care hand-over errors.
2.Prevention of wrong site/wrong procedure/wrong person surgical errors.
3.Prevention of high concentration drug errors.
Then after they define the patient solution by system design that prevent to harm from the process of health care and with the collaboration countries try to further refine these patient solution through the development and practices on high reliability industries such as aviation and nuclear energy and this solution as a evident and then after they summarize the individual solution and forms the standard protocols for each solution. Then each country will identify a technical lead company which will implement these solutions regarding to patient safety measure. During implementation the standardize protocols solution will be permitted on an each hospital and from the results they starts sharing with the collaboration countries for learning process.
Naval , Pablo . ( 2008 ) , did a research for the Process improvements in a material handling activity by applying kaizen technique techniques in Talleres Bellvitge. TalleresBellvitge is the company where this entire project has been carried out, from the study to the implementation and testing. Talleres Bellvitgeis a non-profit-making organism that was established in 1968. The company works in handling and packaging, printing and delivery service for the purchase bought in municipal markets. Due to decreases in profit level the company wanted to implement the kaizen technique. Although there are several floors, they just wanted to improve only one floor, where handling and packaging works is done. The implementation of improvement process in the rest of floors will be part of other future projects and the company set the objectives like to Increase the productivity and make every section more efficiency and also to make more spaces for workers and new works. So for this they apply some methods and principle for the achievement of these objectives. As the deals with handling and packaging, first off all they try to keep the things at right place at time and create a work place by eliminating unwanted object like table etc and made some test about table improvements by using ramps and small slides. TalleresBellvitgehas three clients, all of them need handling Activities. There are working thirty two people in eight different tables. Some workers use a hand Pallet truck and electric walkie pallet truck for the handling and packaging. Therefore, workers doing pallet truck activities can be separated in two new groups. They give first preference to what the client wants. Therefore it has to be a production control to supply every week or month, apart from an historical daily or monthly production they formulate a method calculate Takt Time. Takt Time is the rate at which must operate our plant to meet demand client.
To carry the process in continuously in between the beginning and final to the chain and also they are used material flow chart to Carrey out the material From the input material place to the working table and From the working table to the output material place. For the flow of information they have two different source of information that are first one is company that distribute the different pieces and second one is the floor manager at last by getting all the above information start to calculate the working cycle and lead time.
Gergeo, Name-Iva.( 2010 ) , did the research based on kaizen technique for the Warehouse improvement through the Ulstein Verft AS company. Just as living organism, organizations are subjected to changes. This statement is equally valid for warehouse because in an organization the material coming in and shipping out or simply move around the ware house on daily basis. This makes it difficult to control the work setting in terms of order and orderliness and may lead to disruption of processes, which on the other hand affect the overall performance. Here the author take the example of Ulstein Verft AS company, the shipyard of this company is implementing kaizen in the warehouse department in order to improve the visibility, material flow, work organization and standardization of processes. The UlsteinVerft AS is a leading company in design and building of special-purpose ships. The Construction processes are organized in projects, which require high degree of management, technical knowledge and utilization of sophisticated equipment (Ulstein Group). Initially, a research work-group has been formed at UlsteinVerft, which has its focus on the functions of the warehouse. With the objective for innovation and development, the shipyard also cooperates with institutions for higher education in Norway. So the kaizen techniques being chosen as an adequate tool for improvement of the warehouse processes. The initial purpose of the study was to form a deeper understanding of the practical implications, the follow up, and possibly the result of the implementation of the kaizen tool in the warehouse of UlsteinVerft.At firstly a study was initiated in the winter of 2009, during which time UlsteinVerft had started the pilot project of the deployment of kaizen in the Maintenance department. The pilot project was completed during the time of this research and the experience, and results are valuable source of information. However, due to the fact that the implementation of kaizen in the warehouse is still in process, no complete description of the process was possible. And then, the author was set a scope for the problem areas in the warehouse which led to the need of the implementation of kaizen. The main point of his research is the warehouse of UlsteinVerft and the implementation of kaizen tool in it. And the Factors that need to be taken into consideration, which play essential role in the function and performance of the warehouse are that it serves and is tied to the shipbuilding processes, which are known as complex, time, labor and resource consuming. And then he set the some objectives, first one is to contribute to the understanding of implications related to the implementation of Lean kaizen in the warehouse of UlsteinVerft and second one is to present enabling factors for success and milestones of the implementation of kaizen and its sustainability and also to give ideas on measurement of the change effect. In order to improve the coordination in production planning, and the overall performance,
Hirata, Ricardo. ( 2008 ) the director of this company make study about the implementation of kaizen in mexico. He said that, from the last 10 years this techniques has been a priority by more than 1500 companies and organization that are ISO 9000 certified in Mexico and more than 40 years have been awarded the Mexician National Quality Prize. He said that most of the success cases are in manufacturing industry and large scale companies. He also notices that, In 1990, most of the companies did not know the meaning of kaizen, but in 2001, kaizen is the part of many organization.
There are many reasons for growing of kaizen mexico like, japanese are in Mexico promoting this technique, kaizen is a main phase for the competiveness, as they know that kaizen is the first step for the improvement and development of the workplace .There are many implementation are failed due to many reasons like ,they do not investment in the kaizen program, kaizen program is implemented only for the motivational and attitude change using only posters and slogans, the top an middle company are believe that it is a program for works and do not participate it. He also said that, after knowing the importance of kaizen, most of the companies are start with the application of kaizen program in the clerical, service and maintenance and also in warehouse areas. After implementing kaizen in their workplace they got different types of benefits like, cost and waste reduction, preventive maintained, safety and hygiene, time reduction, pleasant workplace and many more.
At last he concludes that, the Mexician companies are applying successful kaizen programs and demonstrating that this technique can be also implemented in the culture and tradition of the people. So kaizen is a human need in order to interact with others in our own company and nations development and said that “A clean place is the image of your quality level”.
Walker, Eric.Helical Products Company is a business that manufactures flexure products, such as couplings and u-joints. As part of a movement towards lean manufacturing, Helical Products Company of Santa Maria, California is need of a principle that will help them continuously improve their shipping department. A study of kaizen, a lean principle focused on waste reduction, will be done to investigate opportunity for implementation. The output of research provides a design plan for Helical using kaizen and other lean principles compatible with kaizen, such as error proofing and Value Stream Mapping. A list of suggestions based on analysis and feedback from the Helical shipping department is provided. Lastly, a kaizen manual catered for Helical Products Company is attached in the appendix. As a matter of fact, lean is becoming more prevalent and part of most manufacturing practices.
“Besides total quality management, supply chain management, and innovation & technology management, lean manufacturing strategy has been recognized as one of the most efficient and effective global operation strategies".
Kobayashi, Kaoru.( 2008).The kaizen concept, has been applied to achieve business improvement in Japan, the UK and the US. An exploratory study into an under researched area, the research utilizes frameworks provided by Osada (1989, 1991) and Hirano(1995, 1996). In the UK and US, kaizen is viewed as a system or tool for the workplace only. The findings suggest that a balanced understanding of both ‘kaizen as a philosophy or way’ and kaizen as a technique or tool’ could define the ultimate goal of kaizen as a management approach to
Solve problems in the workplaces and processes of organizations.
Michalska, J. Szewieczek, D. ( 2007). Total Quality Management on the operating level more and more popular becomes the idea of so called kaizen .The kaizen methodology relies on the creation and keeping well organized, clean, high effective and high quality workplace. Own research have been carried out in the selected Polish company of the machine industry. During these research it was executed the selection of things in the chosen production process, on each workplace. The kaizen methodology was introduced to workers and control questions have been asked.The kaizen methodology relies on the creation and keeping well organized, clean, high effective and high quality workplace. Own research have been carried out in the selected Polish company of the machine industry. During these research it was executed the selection of things in the chosen production process, on each workplace. The kaizen methodology was introduced to workers and control questions have been asked. Each rule has been implemented and in consequence the great changes have appeared.
Dizaji ,Mohammad . (2011) The concepts of kaizen, Ergonomics and TPM to generate more profits. The aim of the study is to increase the productivity using these three. To get rid of three factors i.e. dirty, difficulty and dangerous conditions, kaizen and ergonomics are used. It was a descriptive study conducted in Tabriz- IDEM company in Iran .it has been seen that the productivity increased in a safe workplace where the man power are the main factor and resources and equipments have been organized in a systematic manner. The implementation of kaizen and Ergonomics was a great success in TPM.
Conclusion: There is not any meaningful difference between kaizen and Ergonomics and their missions are reconstructing, reforming and promoting the workplace both technically and non-technically.
Dulhai ,Gheorghe. (2008), There is the representation of a continuous improvement strategy, process oriented and aimed at improving the manufacturing at Auto car Exhaust. The company followed the strategy of “zero searching times”. The mentality and approach has to be changed. To improve the quality, the processes were divided into projects and certain evaluations were done to implement kaizen. With the co-ordination of inferior level and superior management, kaizen was successfully implemented and the mentality and approach was changed. The effects were seen within a short period of time and the Auto car Exhaust quality was improved finally.
Conclusion: For successful implementation of kaizen in an organization, they mentality and approach of the people has to be changed, as we know, the system of rules represent the foundation stone in the changing mentality at all organization’s levels.
But many of the implementation failures are caused by:
1) Kaizen program is implemented as a motivational and attitude change movement using only
Posters and slogans (no plan and support structure) .
2) No investment in the kaizen program.
3) People do not understand the objective, target, strategies to deploy and personal role in
The program (from top management to line workers).Until and unless it is so beneficial for the industries and organizations in various field .
4) Cost and waste reduction (materials, defectives, customer claims, non conformities, space, inventory, etc.)
5) Preventive maintenance (reliable facilities and equipments, erosion, wreckage, lack of maintenance, zero operating errors, measurements, calibration, etc.)
Conclusion:-
1S: process improvement by costs’ reduction, stock decreasing, better usage of the working area, prevention of losing tools,
2S: process improvement (increasing of effectiveness and efficiency), shortening of the time of seeking necessary things, safety improvement,
3S:increasing of machines’ efficiency, maintenance the cleanness of devices, maintenance and improvement of the machines’ efficiency, maintenance the clean workplace, easy to check, quick informing about damages (potential sources of damages),improvement of the work environment, elimination of the accidents’ reasons,
4S: safety increasing and reduction of the industry pollution, working out the procedures defining the course of processes,
kaizen:increasing of the awareness and morale, decreasing of mistakes quantity resulting from the inattention, proceedings according to decisions, improvement of the internal communication processes, improvement of the inter human relations.
Objective
Need and scope of the study
To get a good working environment in every section of the department in order to implement the kaizen technique and also make competitive and to get the maximum profit as possible by the company.
A.Waste Elimination :
One of the main focuses of kaizen technique is on elimination of waste, i.e. activities that bring no value to the customers. Initially, the implementation of Lean should start by recognizing the types and the sources of waste in the system. The following forms of waste are recognized in a manufacturing environment:
The waste of overproduction – uncoordinated production - too early or just in case . That results in excess inventory;
1)The waste of waiting – prevention of the processes to move forward, or queuing. It can be due to lack of coordination in upstream and downstream activities;
2)The waste of needless transportation – movement of materials, which adds no value, extend the process-time and may lead to handling damages.
3)The waste of extra processing – the extra activities connected with overproduction, excess inventory or handling of defective parts, e.g. rework, reprocessing, storage.
4)The waste of inventory – this includes the raw materials, the material in process, and materials in store, which are not needed for the customers’ orders.
5)The waste of movement – this refers to the motion of the personnel in vain, which occurs with processing of defects or from inefficient layout.
6)The waste of defects – finished goods that confront with the requirements of the customers, or parts or products which have defects and require correction.
B.Understand what the customer want.
To do that is necessary to calculate the Cover Time. The Cover Time is the rate at which must operate our plant to meet Customer demand.
Cover Time = Available Time / Customer Demand
C.Designing new flow chart for the process the flow, material flow, information flow for the improvement.
For that we have choose various sections which comes under the manufacturing, loading and unloading, inspection, tires separation section, weighing sections.
References:
1 Bekar,llter.Oztekin,Ertugrul (2009),“Application of preventive maintenance planning in a parquet enterprise IstanbulUniversity”, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
2.Anon.( 2006 ),”Commonwealth Fund International Symposium, Washington”, D.C.
3. Hirata, Ricardo. ( 2008 ),”Implimentaion of kaizen in Keisen Consultores”, Mexico.
4. Walker, Eric. ,”A kaizen Implementation Plan For the Shipping Department at Helical Products Co,” Research Report, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo. Graded
5.Kobayashi ,Kaoru. Fisher,Ron&Gapp, Rod. ( 2008 ),”Analysis of the application of the kaizen concept in Japan,” the UK and the US, Research Paper, UK
6. Michalska, J. Szewieczek, D. ( 2007).”The kaizen methodology as a tool for improving the organization,” Journal, Silesian University of Technology, ul.Konarskiego.
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