1) The parasympathetic nervous system generally promotes digestion. Innervation

Question

1) The parasympathetic nervous system generally promotes digestion. Innervation is via the vagus nerve. Ach binds to muscarinic receptors. True or False?

2) Which of the following statements is correct?

a) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches of both veins carry blood into liver sinusoids. Hepatocytes absorb oxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substances are secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into the central vein and into a hepatic vein.

b) The liver receives deoxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and oxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches of both veins carry blood into liver sinusoids. Hepatocytes absorb oxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substances are secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into the central vein and into a hepatic vein.

c) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches of both veins carry blood into liver central vein. Hepatocytes absorb oxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substances are secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into the sinusoids and into a hepatic vein.

d) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches of both veins carry blood into liver sinusoids. Kupffer cells absorb oxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substances are secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into the central vein and into a hepatic artery.

3) Regulation of secretion of saliva involves:

a) Parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation

b)Action of the inferior and superior salivatory nuclei in the medulla

c)Activity of the myenteric plexus

d)Activity of the submucosal plexus

4) Bile formed in the liver is transported to the gall bladder for storage through which pathway? (Some steps may be omitted)

a)Bile duct, right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct

b)Common hepatic duct, right and left hepatic ducts, bile duct, cystic duct

c) Right and left hepatic ducts, bile ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct

d) Bile ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, right and left hepatic ducts

5)Which of the following statements is incorrect?

a)Sodium ions are transported out of absorptive cells by basolateral sodium pumps.

b) Negatively charged ions follow sodium or are moved out by active transport.

c)Most water soluble vitamins are absorbed by active transport.

d) Water absorption in the GI tract involves osmosis

6) Insulin is needed for carbohydrate metabolism because it

a)is required for the breakdown of complex carbohydrates

b)transports glucose in the bloodstream.

c)acts as a glucose receptor molecule on the cell surface.

d) is part of an active transport mechanism required for entry of glucose into cells

e)increases the insertion of a particular type of glucose transport protein into the cell membrane

Explanation / Answer

1 TRUE

2 a) The liver receives oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery and deoxygenated blood from the hepatic portal vein. Branches of both veins carry blood into liver sinusoids. Hepatocytes absorb oxygen, most of the nutrients, and some toxins. Needed substances are secreted back into the blood. Blood then drains into the central vein and into a hepatic vein.

3 a) Parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation

4 c)Right and left hepatic ducts, bile ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct

5 b)Negatively charged ions follow sodium or are moved out by active transport.

6 e) Increase the insertion of a particular type of glucose transport protein into the cell membrane.

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