13) Regulation of the volume and osmolarity of body fluids occurs first in the a

Question

13) Regulation of the volume and osmolarity of body fluids occurs first in the

a) proximal convoluted tubules.

b) distal convoluted tubules.

c) loop of Henle.

d) glomerular capsule.

e) collecting ducts.

14) Which is NOT True about podocytes?

a) their pedicels form filtration slits

b) they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule

c) they are modified simple squamous epithelial cells

d)all of these choices statements about podocytes are true

15) In the process of forming concentrated urine, symporters in the loop of Henle cause sodium ions and chloride ions to build up in the renal medulla helping to form the osmotic gradient. ADH increases reabsorption of water by principal cells in the collecting ducts.

True or False?

Explanation / Answer

13.

Regulation of the volume and osmolarity of body fluids occurs first in the loop of Henle (option C).

Loop of Henle creates an area of high urea concentration deep in the medulla. The thin descending limb of the loop of Henle has low permeability to ions and urea, while has high permeability for water. The thin ascending limb is impermeable to water, but is permeable to ions. By the means of countercurrent multiplier system, the loop of Henle regulates volume and osmolarity of the body fluids.

14.

The statement "they make up the parietal layer of the glomerular capsule (option B)" is not true about podocytes. The visceral epithelium comprises of podocytes and not the parietal layer.

15.

The statement "In the process of forming concentrated urine, symporters in the loop of Henle cause sodium ions and chloride ions to build up in the renal medulla helping to form the osmotic gradient. ADH increases reabsorption of water by principal cells in the collecting ducts." is true.

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