5. Please provide correct solution. Preferentially done by hand or on paper. Mul

Question

5. Please provide correct solution. Preferentially done by hand or on paper. Multiple choice: 2pts edc How similar are the fluid compartments of interstitial fluid, blood plasma,& cytoplasm with respect to n 1. osmotic pressures and ii) ion concentrations, eg., [Na]. [K-1? a. All three fluid compartments are fairly similar in both osmotic pressure & ion concentrations. b. All three fluid compartments are fairly similar in osmotic pressure. Cytoplasm has a fairly different [ion] vs. blood & interstitial fluid (the latter two being fairly similar). similar). All three are fairly similar in [ion] Interstitial fluid is fairly different in osmotic pressure and [ion] vs imilan), Alurthre ar f pressure than grtoplasm& blood (which arefarly ion b are fairly d. Each fluid compartment shares fairly similar osmotic pressures, yet each is unique in [ion] similar) 2. A newborn baby left in the cold would respond physiologically by a. cutaneous vasoconstriction & shiverin b. cutaneous vasodilation & shivering. c. shivering & screaming d. cutaneous vasoconstriction & non-shivering thermogenesis in brown fat tissue. n at tisue An athlete is planning to run the Boston marathon. Knowing physiology they decide to modify their training. Prior to the event it would be helpful to train at 3. altitudes because this would induce such as an increased number of red blood cells. a. Low altitude, acute changes b. Low altitude, chronic changes c. High altitude, acute changes d. High altitude, chronic changes intestinal epithelial cells function in secretion of synthesized proteins and the trans-epithelial transport of important nutrients, whereas __ epithelial cells are better suited as endothelial cells in capillaries. a. Cuboidal; squamous. b. Squamous; cuboidal. c. Columnar; cuboidal. d. Columnar; columnar e. Columnar; squamous. The circulatory vessels that make up of a countercurrent heat exchanger are positioned such that vessels carrying warm blood are_-, with the blood flowing in the two sets of vessels _- 5. adjacent to vessels carrying cooled blood and allow heat transfer; in the opposite direction. adjacent to vessels carrying cooled blood and allow heat transfer; in the same direction. adjacent to vessels carrying cooled blood and are insulated to minimize heat transfer; in the opposite direction adjacent to vessels carrying cooled blood and are insulated to minimize heat transfer; in the same direction a. b. c. d. 6. In general, as mammals become larger, the change in surface area-to-volume ratio is correlated with higher rates of heat loss, evaporative water loss, & higher metabolic rates per kg of animal. lower rates of heat loss, evaporative water loss, & lower metabolic rates per kg of animal rates of heat loss, evaporative water loss, & metabolism uninfluenced by body size. higher rates of heat & evaporative water loss, but metabolism will be unchanged. higher rates of metabolism, whereas heat loss & evaporative water loss will be unchanged. b. d.

Explanation / Answer

1. E. Blood plasma and cytoplasm are fairly similar in the oncotic pressure since cells will either burst or shrink if the solution is not isotonic. The ion composition of the blood plasma and cytoplasm are also similar. The ions present are sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium.

2. D. Babies do not shiver but produce heat by non shivering thermogenesis in brown fat tissue. Vasoconstriction occurs when exposure to cold occurs.

3. C. Training at high altitudes increases the number of RBC in the blood. This helps them to compete better at sea level since more oxygen by the large number of RBC.

4. E. Columnar cells are present in the intestine whcih help in the secretion of some proteins while squamous cells are present in the endothelial cells of the capillaries.

5. A. The vessels with warm blood are present next to the vessels with cold blood. This helps the heat to transfer to the cold blood. The currents are in the opposite direction. Hence it is called countercurrent.

6. B. AS the size of the animal increases, the surface area to volume decreases. This reduces the evaporation and also the metabolic rate of the animal.

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