State whether each of the following statements is \"True\" or \'False\'\' (a) Th

Question

State whether each of the following statements is "True" or 'False'' (a) The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe is constant (b) A reversible process is a process that occurs at equilibrium (c) For a chemical reaction with a positive reaction entropy change, increasing the temperature shifts the equilibrium towards the products. (d) The free energy represents the maximum amount of heat that can be extracted from the system. (e) The standard free energy is the free energy expressed in standard units. (0 The anode is the defined as the electrode where reduction occurs (g) An equivalent of substance is the number of moles found in one gram of substance (h) The normality of a solution is the number of equivalents of solute in one liter of solution (i) The standard reduction potential of the hydrogen electrode at standard conditions is zero Volts (j) Batteries release electrical energy stored as chemical energy (k) Chlorine gas is a stronger oxidant than oxygen gas (1) Zinc metal is a stronger reducing agent than sodium metal

Explanation / Answer

(a) False.

the second law of thermodynamics states that the state of entropy of the universe will always increase over time.

dS = dQ/T.

(b) True.

(c) True.

For a chemical reaction with +ve reaction entropy change is a 'spontaneous reaction'. i.e., tendency of formation of product is more favoured with increase in temperature. so the equilibrium shifted towards the products.

(d) false.

maximum amount of heat that can be extracted from the system is a heat engine efficiency.

(e) True.

(f) False.

anode is defined as the electrode where oxidation occurs (loss of electrons).

(g) True.

(h) True.

(i) True.

(j) True.

(k) True. Oxidizing capacity is based on the how easily an electron is lost by the species. Since oxygen is more electronegative than chlorine. i.e., tendency to lose the electron from Chlorine is more compared to Oxygen. So Chlorine gas is stronger oxidant than oxygen gas.

(l) True. The strongest reducing agent is the one that gets oxidized the most. i.e., it loses electrons.

Zn metal can lose the 2 electrons, whereas Na metal can lose only 1 electron. So Zn metal is the stronger reducing agent than the Na metal.

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