How do we find average charge/donor? Can you please explain how we got the avera

Question

How do we find average charge/donor?

Can you please explain how we got the average charge/donor here? i want detailes steps so I can do it on my own on other examples please

Common bases have lone pair on O or N: How strong are they? Strong bases Weak bases NEUTRAL Basicity 1 as avg. charge/donor T LOCALIZED ANIONS ROH R2NH RO- R2N- If delocalized: analyze resonance to find average charge/donor atom... NO3 CO32- PO43- CH3O Ion -1 Charge/o 1/3 2/3 3/4 huge 1.55 3.68 Basicity Extremely Moderate Relatively strong STRONG weak base weak base weak base base CA is HNO3 strong! HCO3 wea HPOA2 weak CH2OH CA's pk, o 10.32 >14...in H2O, 12.45 NOT acidic!

Explanation / Answer

Charge/Donor = total charge on the radical/ number of electronegative or electropositive species contributing for the charge.

Here, as all the radicals have negative charge, the denominator is the number of electronegative species contributing for the charge.

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