Below are MO energy levels of the molecule CO Only one 2p orbital on the C and s

Question

Below are MO energy levels of the molecule CO Only one 2p orbital on the C and some 2p orbitals on the bonded O atom are used to make these MOs. (a) The orbitals from the surrounding O atoms used to make these MOs are not simply individual 2p orbitals. Rather, a symmetry adapted linear combination (SALC) of some of O's 2p atomic orbitals is first constructed (using LCAO) to ensure the correct orientation for overlap with a C 2p orbitals. [That is there is a preliminary LCAO of some O 2p orbitals to make new O-sourced atomic orbitals.] Then these new SALC (atomic) orbitals are mixed with 2p orbital on the C atom to make the MOs. Given your basic understanding of how many orbitals must be combined to form the total number of MO's, how many of these SALC orbitals from O are combined (mixed) with one of carbon's 2p orbitals to make the above MO's? (b) How many bonding MO's are present? (c) How many antibonding MO's are present? (d) How many nonbonding MO's are present? (e) Calculate the MO average bond order per C-O bond. (f) Do the above MO energy levels represent sigma-type, pi-type, or both types? Explain.

Explanation / Answer

3. a) First 3 O atoms are combined according to Symmetry Adapted Linear Combination(SALC). Now the combination of these 3 O atoms were used to overlap with the 2p orbital of C atom.

As per the given energy profile diagram of CO32- ion

b) one bonding MO is present.

c) 0 ie no antibonding MO is present

d) two nonbonding MO's are present.

e) average bond order per C-O bond =4/3=1.33

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