In reverse osmosis, water flows out of a salt solution until the osmotic pressur

Question

In reverse osmosis, water flows out of a salt solution until the osmotic pressure of the solution equals the applied pressure. If a pressure of 48.0 bar is applied to seawater, what will be the final concentration of the seawater at 20 degree C when reverse osmosis stops? Assuming that seawater has a total ion concentration (a.k.a colligative molarity) of 1.10 M_c, calculate how many liters of seawater are needed to produce 36.2 L of fresh water at 20 degree C with an applied pressure of 48.0 bar

Explanation / Answer

1)

preesure = 48.0 bar

temperature = 20 oC = 293 K

P = M S T

48 = M x 0.0821 x 293

M = 1.995

final concentration = 2.00 Mc

2)

Cf = 2.00

Ci 1.10 Mc

for 1 L sea water

Ci / 1 - W = Cf

1.1 / 1 - W = 2.00

W = 0.449 L

for 36.2 L fresh water, the requirement of sea water = 36.2 / 0.449

volume of sea water = 80.7 L

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