any help would be appreciated very confused: Urine color and clarity are reporte

Question

any help would be appreciated very confused:

Urine color and clarity are reported:

a. After urine has been poured into a clear, conical urine tube and centrifuged

b. After urine has been allowed to settle in original container overnight

c. After urine has been allowed to warm to room temperature and centrifuged

d. After room temperature urine is well mixed and poured into a clear, conical urine tube

Answer: _____

Match the urine odor on the right with possible cause on the left.

      ___ 1. Maple syrup urine disease

      ___ 2. Ketones

      ___ 3. Contamination

      ___ 4. Isovaleric acidemia

      ___ 5. Normal

      ___ 6. Bacterial decomposition, UTI

      ___ 7. Phenylketonuria

      ___ 8. Methionine malabsorption

      ___ 9. Tyrosinemia

      a. Bleach

      b. Sweaty feet

      c. Cabbage

      d. Fruity, sweet

      e. Maple syrup

      f. Mousy

      g. Rancid

      h. Foul, ammonia-like

      i. Aromatic

Specific gravity with urinometers and refractometers is accomplished by using which of the following (select all that may apply):

a. Distilled water

b. 0.9% NaCl

c. 5 % NaCl

d. 6% albumin

Answers: ____________________

Match the substance detected on the right with the correct prinicple of detection on the left.

      ___ 1. Hydrolysis of derivatized pyrrole amino acid esther

      ___ 2. Sodium nitroprusside

      ___ 3. Greiss reaction (p-arsanilic acid)

      ___ 4. Glucose oxidase

      ___ 5. Diazonium salt

      ___ 6. Erlich's aldehyde reaction

      ___ 7. change in pKa

      ___ 8. Pseudoperoxidase

      ___ 9. Error-of-indicators principle

      ___ 10. Double indicator principle

      a. Glucose

      b. Leukoctye esterase

      c. pH

      d. Blood

      e. Bilirubin

      f. Nitrite

      g. Specific gravity

      h. Ketones

      i. Urobilinogen

      j. Protein

Match the reagent strip test on the left with the appropriate confirmatory test on the right.

      ___ 1. Glucose

      ___ 2. Bilirubin

      ___ 3. Protein

      ___ 4. Ketones

      a. Acetest

      b. Clinitest

      c. SSA

      d. Ictotest

Match urine test strip reagent pad on left with possible causes of false positive reactions/elevated levels on right.

      ___ 1. Protein

      ___ 2. Blood

      ___ 3. Leukocytes

      ___ 4. Nitrite

      ___ 5. Ketones

      ___ 6. Specific gravity

      ___ 7. Bilirubin

      ___ 8. Urobilinogen

      ___ 9. pH

      a. Metabolites of Lodine (etodolac)

      b. Vaginal discharge

      c. Bacterial overgrowth in specimen

      d. Urinary tract infection

      e. Bloody urine

      f. Oxidizing contaminants (hypochlorite) or microbial peroxidase

      g. Aminosalicylic acid, sufonamides

      h. Highly pigmented urine, levodopa metabolites, compunds containing sulfhydryl groups (2-mercaptoethane sulfonic acid)

      i. Protein

Match the urine test strip reagent pad on the left with the possible causes of false negative reactions/reduced levels on the right.

      ___ 1. Blood

      ___ 2. Leukocytes

      ___ 3. Nitrite

      ___ 4. Glucose

      ___ 5. Specific gravity

      ___ 6. Urobilinogen

      a. Capotin (captopril)

      b. Highly buffered alkaline urines

      c. Indocin (indoxyl sulfate)

      d. Shortened bladder incubation, dietary deficiency of nitrate, nonreductive pathological microbes

      e. Ketones

      f. High glucose or cephalaxin (keflex), oxalic acid, tetracycline

Which of the following can cause problems with reagent test strips when performing urinalysis testing?

a. contamination of urine with skin cleansers

b. using strips from bottles that have not been stored properly

c. testing urine that has been refrigerated and not allowed to warm up first to 15-30C

d. Incorrect dipping and blotting of test strips in urine

e. urine preservatives

f. all of the above

Answer: _____

The first thing you should do before testing patient specimens using urine reagent test strips is ______.

Explanation / Answer

1. d. After room temperature urine is well mixed and poured into a clear, conical urine tube

The fresh urine sample can be observed visually to report colour an clarity. To report the clarity, the sample must be well mixed at room temperature.

2.        e. Maple syrup ------>   1. Maple syrup urine disease

           d. Fruity, sweet --------> 2. Ketones

           a. Bleach --------> 3. Contamination

          b. Sweety feet ------> 4. Isovaleric acidemia

          i. Aromatic------> 5. Normal

          h. Foul, ammonia-like ------> 6. Bacterial decomposition, UTI

        f. Mousy--------> 7. Phenylketonuria

         c. Cabbage-----> 8. Methionine malabsorption

          g. Rancid  ------------>   9. Tyrosinemia

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