Electron Configurations: Rules and Principles When writing the ground-state elec

Question

Electron Configurations: Rules and Principles

When writing the ground-state electron configuration of a many-electron atom, three main rules must be followed:

The aufbau principle: Electrons are added to the lowest energy orbitals available.

The Pauli exclusion principle: No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers (n, , m, and ms).

Hund's rule: For degenerate orbitals, the lowest energy state is attained when the number of electrons with the same spin is maximized. So for a degenerate set of orbitals, one electron goes into each orbital until all the orbitals of the subshell are half-filled. Once all the orbitals of the subshell are half-filled the pairing of electrons can take place.

Note that aufbau is the German word for "building up."

Part A

Classify each orbital diagram for ground-state electron configurations by the rule or principle it violates.

Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

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Aufbau violation

Hund violation

Pauli violation

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Part B

The following sets of quantum numbers, listed in the order n, , m, and ms, were written for the last electrons added to an atom. Identify which sets are valid and classify the others by the rule or principle that is violated.

Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

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Pauli violation

Other violation

Valid

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Part C

He

Use the buttons at the top of the tool to add orbitals. Click within the orbital to add electrons.

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Part D

Ne

Use the buttons at the top of the tool to add orbitals. Click within the orbital to add electrons.

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Part E

S

Use the buttons at the top of the tool to add orbitals. Click within the orbital to add electrons.

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Part F

Ca

Use the buttons at the top of the tool to add orbitals. Click within the orbital to add electrons.

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Part G

P

Express your answer in condensed form in order of increasing orbital energy as a string without blank space between orbitals. For example, [He]2s22p2 should be entered as [He]2s^22p^2.

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Part H

As

Express your answer in condensed form in order of increasing orbital energy as a string without blank space between orbitals. For example, [He]2s22p2 should be entered as [He]2s^22p^2.

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Part I

Y

Express your answer in condensed form in order of increasing orbital energy as a string without blank space between orbitals. For example, [He]2s22p2 should be entered as [He]2s^22p^2.

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Part J

I

Express your answer in condensed form in order of increasing orbital energy as a string without blank space between orbitals. For example, [He]2s22p2 should be entered as [He]2s^22p^2.

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Aufbau violation

Hund violation

Pauli violation

Explanation / Answer

Violation of rule of filling up electrons in orbitals

Part A)

3p : Hund's rule violation (spin state incorrect)

3s : correct

2p : correct

1s : correct

3p : Hund's rule violation (spin state incorrect)

3s : correct

4d : Hund's rule violation (spin state incorrect)

5s : correct

3d : correct

4p : correct

4s : correct

Overall violates aufbau principle ad it skipped filling 2s after 1s orbitals.

Part B)

None are violated

Part C)

He : 1s2

Part D)

Ne : 1s2 2s2 2p6

Part E)

S : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

Part F)

Ca : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2

Part G)

P : [Ne]3s23p3

Part H)

As : [Ar]3d104s24p3

Part I)

Y : [Kr]4d15s2

Part J)

I : [Kr]4d105s25p5

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