I\'m having trouble! I need help really bad, also can you explain to me your rea

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I'm having trouble! I need help really bad, also can you explain to me your reasoning for that answer! I want to understand what the question is asking

1e. Many translation-inhibiting antibiotics work selectively on prokaryotic organisms because the process of translation is sufficiently different in them than it is in humans. Research the antibiotics below to determine their mechanism of action and briefly describe in the space below. [6 points Tetracycline: [3 points] Pyromycin:[3 points] 1f. Chloramphenicol (structure below) blocks translation elongation by acting as a competitive inhibitor of the ribosome peptidyl transferase complex. Based on your knowledge of biological molecules, what chemical bond does the highlighted part of the structure below (dashed lines) resemble? How might this structure allow the drug to inhibit the ribosome? [3 points] OH 2. The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is (-CHz-OH). Total 20 points! 2a. According to the R group of serine, does serine have hydrophilic or hydrophobic properties? Explain your answer. [5 pts] 2b. For a protein located in the cytoplasm, would you expect serine to be located on the interior core of the protein or the exterior surface facing the cytoplasm. Justify your answer. [S pts

Explanation / Answer

1.

e. The given antibiotics work by inhibiting translation. The mechanism of action is given as follows:

Tetracycline- Tetracycline can enter the bacterial cell wall by passive diffusion or an energy-dependent active transport system. If it enters in the form of energy-dependent active transport system then it is probably mediated in a pH-dependent fashion. Once they reach inside the cell, tetracyclines bind reversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit. The binding takes place at a position that blocks the binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA to the acceptor site which is on the mRNA-ribosome complex. Due to the blockage of binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the acceptor site the protein synthesis is ultimately inhibited which leads to a bacteriostatic effect.

Puromycin- Puromycin works by specifically inhibiting peptidyl transfer on prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic ribosomes. It is an aminonucleoside antibiotic and mainly inhibits the growth of gram positive bacteria and animal cells. Some fungi and gram negative bacteria may be resistant to the antibiotic due to its low permeability in these cells. Puromycin can also be used for E.coli selection.   

f. The structure allows the drug to inhibit the ribosome by preventing the formation of peptide bonds.

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