Data and Observations-Part1 H-X Bond Partial Partial Atom with Higher Distance (

Question

Data and Observations-Part1 H-X Bond Partial Partial Atom with Higher Distance (A) Charge on H Charge on X Moment (D) Electronegativity Dipole HF 097 0-450 9.11 120 10,258 |-0. 258 | 1,15l o.122 Questions Does the pattern of dipole moment results make sense for the four H-X molecules investigated? Explain your reasoning. 1. What is the most important factor in determining the bond distance between the two atoms? How does this explain the trend in H-X bond lengths in the results above? 2. Chemistry 111 - Concepts of Chemistry

Explanation / Answer

Data and observation - Part I

Given above data for the four molecules HX with X = F, Cl, Br and I

1. The observed dipole moment for the four HX molecules make sense. As the size of X increases from F to I, the electronegativity of X decreases. Therefore, the shared pair of electrons are more equally shared between the two atoms. Thus making the bond longer. The difference in electronegativity decreases from HF to HI and so the dipole moment also decreases from HF to HI

2. As the electronegativity of F to I decreases the bond becomes longer. This is apparent from the observed bond distance values shown in above data table. The valence electrons in X move further away as the size of X increases from F to I. This makes the bonds longer and bond distance increases from HF to HI.

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