please help me with this!! 12. What are isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solu
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please help me with this!! 12. What are isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solution? 13. What is active transport? 14. There are three types of endocytosis. Briefly describe them 15. What is "cell theory? 16. All cells share common features. Give 3 examples. 17. The size of cells is designed to be smaller but more surface. Explain why? 18. There are two types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Briefly describe them 19. Give flve features of prokaryotic cells 20. What are unique organelles for animal and plant cells? 21. Nucleus consists three parts. What are they and describe briefly. 22. There are two forms of endoplasmic reticulum in ells. What are they and briefly their functions? 23. What are roles of Golgi complex? 24. There are two types of vacuoles. What are they and describe briefly. 25. What is "turger pressure"? What is plastid? Briefly describe 26. What is cytoskeleton? Briefly describe including three different types 27, Structures of cilla and flagella are essentially same. Briefly describe the structure 28. What is roles of "centriole"? Chapter 6 1. Give 3 examples of kinetic and potential energy? 2. Give one examples for the first and the second lows of thermodynamics. 3. Living things must gain [external energy) in order to counteract the increase in their (entropyl-"battle against disorder 4. What are exergonic and endergonic reactions? Describe each with one example. [ATP1 is the major energy carrier molecule in cells? 6 What is ATP? Describe 3 features 7. ATP hydrolyzes and release energy with ADP/phosphate, so exergonic reaction (True or false). 8. Electron carriers also transport energy within cells (True or false). 9. Two examples of electron carriers. 10. Metabolic reactions within the cells must be carefully controlled and cells have evolved many ways of regulating enzyme activity. Give 5 examples. 11. Enzyme activity is influenced by their environment. What are they? Give 3 examples. Chapter 7 1. Photosynthesis produces [Energy source (sugar: glucose)] as well as [Oxygen (Oall as a product 2. 6co, + 6H O + lightenergy CsHiA+ 6O3 (Summary of photosynthesis) 3. What is autotrophs, thylakoids, stomata, stroma, grana. 4. Chleroplasts contain various pigment molecules that absorb different wavelengths of light. Chlorophyll a and b are main light- capturing pigment (absorb violet, blue, red and reflect green); chlorophyll a is main and others are accessory pigment 5. Light-dependent reaction occurred in thylakoid membrane and light-independent reactions occurred in stoma in photosynthesis 6. ATP synthesis mechanism in photosynthesis calls "cehmiosmosis" (true or false). 7. Cemiosmosis is based on diffusion of hydrogen ions between thylakoid membranes (true or false). 8. What things produce during the light dependent reaction? 9. Oxygen produces during light dependent reaction (true or false) 10. During sugar synthesis in photosynthesis light is not required, so it is light independent reaction (true or false). 11. The process of sugar (glucose) synthesis called "Calbin-Benson cycle or Ca cycle" and three steps. What are they? 12. What is "photorespiration 13. To avoid the (photorespiration] some plants use two-step carbon fixation process (or C cycle). 14. Why some plants use Ca cycle to synthesize sugar instead of Cs cycle? 15. The plants using C, cycle called Cs plant and using C cycle called Cplants. Give 3 examples of C and Ca plants Chapter 8 6CO2 + 6H0 + chemical and heat energy Complete glucose metabolism (Glycolysis). CeHud.(glucose) + 6O2 1. 2. Overview of glycolysis: i) Occurs in the cytosol, i) Does not require oxygen, ill) Breaks glucose into pyruvate, and ili) Yields2 ATP and 2 NADH (high energy electron carriers) per molecule of glucose 3. Overview of citric acid cycle: Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted into lactate or ethanol, a process called fermentation. 4. 5. Fermentation does not produce more ATP, but is necessary to regenerate the high-energy electron carrier molecule NAD' which must be available for glycolysis to continue 6. Most of the energy in glucose is stored in electron carriers NADH and FADH 7. NADH and FADHa deposit electrons into electron transport chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane 8. Electrons join with (oxygen gas) and [hydrogen ions] to make H:O at the end of the ETCExplanation / Answer
12 - Isotonic - when solute and solvent have same osmotic pressure across semipermeable membrane.
Hypertonic - when solute otside the membrane have more osmotic pressure than inside this condition is called hypertonic.
Hypotonic - when solute outside the membrane have less osmotic pressure than inside, this condition called hypotonic.
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