When ammonium chloride is dropped into water, the temperature of the solution is

Question

When ammonium chloride is dropped into water, the temperature of the solution is less than the initial temperatures. 4. c. What is happening to the entropy and enthalpy during this process? d. Are the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions stronger than the solute-solvent interactions? 5 When nitrogen is bubbled into water, the temperature of the solution is slightly greater than the initial temperatures e. What is happening to the entropy and enthalpy during this process? f. Are the solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions stronger than the solute-solvent interactions?

Explanation / Answer

4,As ammonium chloride is dropped into water ,it dissociate like any other compound ,that is ,ammonium chloride comprising of NH4[+1]andCl[-1] and tempreture of solution become less than the initial tempreture,that is,cooling effect is observed.

c) ENTHALPY FACTOR: Disssolving of ammonium chloride can be thought as two separate process means that first break up the ammonium chloride structure and second we dissolve bare ions,that is,

Delta H(tot)=-Delta Hlattice(NH4Cl)+Delta Hsolv(NH4+)+Delta Hsolv(Cl-)

so we need energy to beak up the crystal lattice of NH4Cland then re-gain of energy by dissolving the ions in solution.Energy required is greater than the energy released therefore the tatal change in enthalpy is positive,that is,endothermic reaction take place threfore cooling effect is observed.

ENTROPY FACTOR:The entropy change to the surroundings will be negative because of cooling caused by ammonium chloride dissolving,as,change in enthalpy is positive and,

Delta Ssurroundings=-(Delta H/T )

But there is large increase in entropy of system because there is large increase in disorder when the crystal breaks up into its separate ions.so, total entropy change is positive,and the change is feasible.

d)Yes,the solute- solute and solvent-solvent interactions are stronger than the solute solvent interaction because cahnge in enthalpy is positive,that is, positive deviation will occur.

5.When nitrogen is bubbled into water ,tempreture of solution become greater than the initial one,that is, heating effect is obsrved.

e)ENTHALPY FACTOR: As enthalpy of sovation is negative therefore as nitrogen is bubbled into water there is only solvation occur,that is,tempreture of solution become greater than initial one,that is, heating effect is observed.

ENTROPY FACTOR: Entropy change to the surrounding will be positive because of heating caused when nitrogen is bubbled into water as explained earlier in 4(c).

But there is increase in entropy of system due to disorderness,total entropy change is positive,that is ,change is feasible.

f)NO,the solute solute interaction and solvent solvent interaction are not stronger than solute solvent interaction because enthalpy change is negative ,that is ,negative deviation occur,

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