What problems might you encounter using ICP-AES method? How confident are you in

Question

What problems might you encounter using ICP-AES method? How confident are you in the precision of this technique? What improvements—perhaps using analytical instrumentation—could you make to your method to avoid some of these problems?

What problem might you encounter with determining the metal content of your samples in their current state, contained within the soil particles or leaves of a plant? What state should the metals be in for ICP-AES to be effective? Propose a general method to get the metals into this state

Part of this procedure calls for you to sift your soil samples using a sieve and to grind up your samples. What happens to the soil samples after doing this? What is more beneficial about having your soil like this?

During the sample digestion procedure, you must pay particular attention to record the volumes of your treated sample. Explain why this is important to accomplishing the goal of this experiment both in words and by using equations and/or sample calculations.

Explanation / Answer

The disadvantages ICP-AES Method is of being slow, costly, and requiring special facilities like (ATSDR, 1992).. The characteristics of the ICP-AES are low detection limit, high accuracy and precision, relative freedom from matrix interference and high sample throughput.

It is one of the most widely used techniques and is often the first line of attack in producing high quality, elemental analysis of metal, organic, environmental, archaeological, geological and biological samples. The ICP-AES at ITL can determine major, minor and trace element concentrations in a variety of matrices, and is often the most appropriate and cost effective method for many applications

method by which estuarine water samples have been successfully analysed for the dissolved trace metals Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn using an ion chromatograph (IC) coupled directly to an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) system is described. Direct determination by ICP-AES of these metals in the samples was not possible since detection limits of this instrument are too high in the estuarine water matrix. The coupling of the IC to this ICP-AES system lowers detection limits sufficiently to allow analysis in two ways. First, the sample is pre-concentrated on-line; second, much of the background emission caused by the matrix is removed prior to analysis, which improves the signal-to-noise ratio. This latter feature of the method is shown to remove observable matrix effects from sample analysis, precluding the need for the use of the method of standard additions, and allowing samples from the entire salinity gradient to be accurately measured against an aqueous standard calibration line. The only required pre-treatment for samples is filtration (0.2 m) and buffering to pH 5·4 with ammonium acetate; multi-elemental analysis is complete within 10 min. For the metals determined, the limits of determination were Cu:1·11, Fe:1·46, Mn:0·20, Zn:0·75 g l1(17, 26, 4 and 11 nM, respectively). Precision on saline samples was estimated at Cu:1·41, Fe:1·23, Mn:0·27, Zn:1·11 g l1(22, 22, 5 and 17 nM, respectively), which improved for freshwater samples. The method has a large linear range and is accurate based on analyses of standard reference material

Classical methods involving dry dissolution, wet decomposition, and microwave methods for digestion/dissolution of solid samples for metal determination by various atomic spectroscopic techniques are discussed. Recent applications of solid sample preparation are presented in soils.

peristaltic pump delivers an aqueous or organic sample into an analytical nebulizerwhere it is changed into mist and introduced directly inside the plasma flame. The sample immediately collides with the electrons and charged ions in the plasma and is itself broken down into charged ions. The various molecules break up into their respective atoms which then lose electrons and recombine repeatedly in the plasma, giving off radiation at the characteristic wavelengths of the elements involved.

The measurement of trace-element concentration in soil, sediment and waste, is generally a combination of a digestion procedure for dissolution of elements and a subsequent measurement of the dissolved elements. “Partial” and “total” digestion methods can be used in environmental monitoring activities. To compare measurement results obtained by different methods, it is crucial to determine and to maintain control of the bias of the results obtained by these methods. In this paper, ICP-MS results obtained after matrix digestion with modified aqua regia (HCl+HNO3+H2O2) method and two “total” digestion methods (microwave aqua regia+HF and HNO3+HF) are compared with those obtained by instrumental neutron activation analysis, a non-destructive analytical method for the determination of the total mass concentrations of inorganic components in environmental matrices. The comparison was carried out on eight agricultural soil samples collected in one test area and measured by k0-INAA and ICP-MS to determine As, Co, Cr, Sb and Zn mass concentration. The bias of results for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn of the three digestion methods were assessed using selected measurement standards. This paper highlights that the digestion procedure is an integral part of the measurement and can affect the measurement result in environmental analysis.

Answed all the parts in question in different paragraphs.

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