Speak the language – Define the following terms in your own words. 1) Amplificat

Question

Speak the language – Define the following terms in your own words.

1) Amplification

2) ATP

3) cAMP

4) Cell signaling

5) Cross-talk

6) Diacyglycerol

7) Direct signaling

8) Effector

9) G-protein-coupled receptors

10) GTP

11) Hormone

12) Inositol triphosphate

13) Local signaling

14) Long-distance signaling

15) MAP kinase

16) Phosphorylation
17) Protein kinases
18) Protein phosphatases 19) RAS Protein
20) Reception
21) Receptor proteins
22) Receptor tyrosine kinase 23) Response
24) Secondary messenger 25) Signal molecule
26) Steroid hormone
27) Transduction

Explanation / Answer

1) Amplication : Amplication means it usually massive replication of genetic material and especially of a gene or DNA sequence

2) ATP: Adenosine triphosphate(ATP) its chemical formula - C10H16N5O13P3 and it is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.

3) cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

4) Cell signaling: Cells need to interact with their environment and other cells around them. This is called Cell Signaling

5) Cross-talk : This cross-talk can be seen in numerous tissues, wherein two signaling pathways reinforce each other.

6) Diacyglycerol: A di-glyceride, or a diacyl-glycerol, is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages

7) Direct signaling : Direct contact is when molecules on the plasma membrane of one cell contact the ... cells in early childhood development occur by means of direct contact.

8) Effector : An effector molecule is usually a small molecule that selectively binds to a protein and regulates its biological activity.

9) G-protein-coupled receptors : (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse group of membrane receptors in eukaryotes. These cell surface receptors act like an inbox for messages in the form of light energy, peptides, lipids, sugars, and proteins.

10) GTP : Guanosine-5'-triphosphate is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It can act as a substrate for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process or DNA during DNA replication. chemical formula is C10H16N5O14P3

11) Hormone: Aregulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.

12) Inositol triphosphate : Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, together with diacylglycerol, is a secondary messenger molecule used in signal transduction and lipid signaling in biological cells.

13) Local signaling : Local signaling includes Paracrine signaling (A secreting cell acts on nearby target ... Chemicals used for long distance signaling in both animal and plant cells.

14) Long-distance signaling : Analysis of cell signaling networks requires a combination of experimental and Long-range allostery is often a significant component of cell signaling events.

15) MAP kinase : Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (also known as MAP2K, MEK, MAPKK) is a kinase enzyme which phosphorylates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). MAP2K is classified as EC 2.7.12.2. There are seven genes: MAP2K1 (aka MEK1)

16) Phosphorylation : Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43) group to a protein or other organic molecule.Phosphorylation and its counterpart, dephosphorylation, turn many protein enzymes on and off, thereby altering their function and activity. Protein phosphorylation is one type of post-translational modification.

17) Protein kinases : A protein kinase is a kinase enzyme that modifies other proteins by chemically adding phosphate groups to them (phosphorylation). Phosphorylation usually results in a functional change of the target protein (substrate) by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or association with other proteins.

18) Protein phosphatases : A protein phosphatase is an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from the phosphorylated amino acid residue of its substrate protein.

19) RAS Protein : A protein that typically promotes cell division when a growth factor is present on the cell surface. Abnormal ras proteins, caused by genetic mutations

20) Reception : The reception of geneticqualities by transmission from parent to offspring. 2. : all of the geneticcharacters or qualities transmitted from parent to offspring—compare genotype 2, phenotype.

21) Receptor proteins: An intracellular protein (or proteinfraction) that has a high specific affinity for binding a known stimulus to cellular activity, such as a steroid hormone or adenosine 3,5-cyclic phosphate.

22) Receptor tyrosine kinase: Receptor tyrosine kinases are a diverse group of transmembrane proteins that act as receptors for cytokines, growth factors, hormones and other signaling molecules.

23) Response: Immune response gene n. A gene in the major histocompatibility complex that controls a cell's immune response to specific antigens.

24) Secondary messenger : A molecule that relays messages in a cell from a receptor on a cell membrane to the final destination where an action within the cell is to take place. ( See signal transduction pathway.)

25) Signal molecule: Some signaling molecules are able to cross the plasma membrane and bind to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus, whereas most bind to receptors expressed on the target cell surface.

26) Steroid hormone : A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as ahormone. Steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind: glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens.

27) Transduction : The action or process of converting something and especially energy or a message into another form. 2. : the transfer of genetic material from one organism (as a bacterium) to another by a genetic vector and especially a bacteriophage—compare transformation.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse S
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.