1. It has been thought that many diseases now associated with aging are related
ID: 58556 • Letter: 1
Question
1. It has been thought that many diseases now associated with aging are related to malfunctioning mitochondria. Why are the mitochondria so important to all cells?
a. They produce energy in the form of ATP.
b. They generate heat to keep the body warm.
c. They are the source of all human disease.
d. They are extremely large.
e. They are located only in vital organs.
2. When a molecule is reduced, it _________.
a. gains electrons
b. loses electrons
c. stores electrons
d. loses energy
e. burns energy
3. What is the ultimate fate of oxygen gas (O2) in cellular respiration?
a. It is respired as CO2.
b. It is converted to water.
c. It is attached to glucose.
d. It is attached to pyruvate.
e. It accepts electrons in glycolysis.
4. In the process of aerobic metabolism, carbon containing molecules are broken down and the energy from the electrons is used for what purpose?
a. to directly supply the energy needs of an organism
b. to generate a proton gradient
c. to alter enzyme structure
d. to heat the organism in a cold environment
e. to heat stored fat
5. Which answer best describes energy flow in biological systems as described in the text?
a. glucose G3P NADH ATP
b. bacteria archaea plants animals
c. NAD+ NADH ADP ATP
d. G3P glucose ATP NAD+
e. pyruvate oxidation glycolysis fermentation citric acid cycle
6. In the absence of ATP synthase, animal cells would not be able to ____.
a. create a proton gradient
b. hydrolyze glucose to G3P
c. carry out oxidative phosphorylation
d. produce ATP
e. carry out pyruvate oxidation
7. How are NADH and FADH2 related?
a. They both directly produce ATP.
b. They are both used in glycolysis.
c. They both contain high energy phosphates.
d. They both contain high energy electrons.
e. They are both in the oxidized form.
8. How does cellular respiration differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a. Eukaryotes use substrate-level phosphorylation; prokaryotes use oxidative
phosphorylation.
b. Eukaryotes use mitochondria; prokaryotes use their plasma membrane.
c. Eukaryotes use NAD+/NADH; prokaryotes use FAD+/FADH2.
d. Eukaryotes do not all use oxygen; prokaryotes only use oxygen.
e. Eukaryotes use only glucose; prokaryotes use only galactose.
9. The final product of glycolysis is ____.
a. glucose
b. fructose
c. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
d. pyruvate
e. carbon dioxide
10. During which stages of cellular respiration is CO2 released?
a. glycolysis
b. pyruvate oxidation
c. citric acid cycle
d. electron transport system
e. both pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
11. Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle all have this molecule in common as one of their products.
a. CO2
b. H2O
c. ATP
d. FADH2
e. NADH
13. A typical eukaryotic cell that has an abundant supply of glucose and O2 will generate a proton gradient in its mitochondria by _____________ that is used primarily for _____________.
a. achemiosmosis; substrate-level phophorylation
b. the electron transport chain; chemiosmosis
c. the electron transport chain; substrate-level phosphorylation
d. fermentation; NAD reduction
e. glycolysis; production of CO2
Explanation / Answer
1. a. They produce energy in the form of ATP.
2. a. Reduction is gaining of electrons and negative charge.
3. b. It is converted to water.
4. b. to generate a proton gradient.
5. a. glucose G3P NADH ATP.
6. c. carry out oxidative phosphorylation.
7. d. They both contain high energy electrons.
9. d. pyruvate.
10. e. both pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle .
11. e. NADH.
12. b. the electron transport chain; chemiosmosis.
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