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. When RFLP analysis is used to search for a human gene, the strategy is to firs

ID: 60968 • Letter: #

Question

. When RFLP analysis is used to search for a human gene, the strategy is to first locate?

A. a known gene on the same chromosome

B. an homozygous individual with a simple RFLP pattern

C. a DNA sequence anywhere on the same chromosome

D. any DNA marker co-inherited with the genetic trait of interest

E. none of the above

3. Which of the following is not one of the objectives of the Human Genome Project?

A. Create a detailed genetic map of every human chromosome, with an average of 2-5% recombination frequency between markers.

B. Obtain a detailed physical map of every human chromosome, based on overlapping recombinant DNA molecules cloned as yeast artificial chromosomes.

C. Clone human beings.

D. Determine the sequence of all expressed human genes by cDNA cloning and sequencing.

E. All of the above.

4. A couple has a female child with Tay Sachs disease, and three unaffected children. Neither parent nor any of the four biological grandparents of the affected child has had this disease. The most likely genetic explanation is that Tay Sachs disease is inherited as a(n) ______________ disease.

A. dominant

B. recessive

C. epigenetic

D. environmental

E. cannot make a reasonable guess from this information

5. A human geneticist determined the pedigree with filled symbols showing the affected individuals for EVERY generation as far back as he could go. How is this pattern of inheritance described?

A. dominant

B. recessive

C. epigenetic

D. environmental

E. none of these

6. Diagnosis of chromosome aneuploidy of unborn children is normally done by a combination of amniocentesis, cell culture, and _______________.

A. enzyme assay.

B. RFLP analysis.

C. pedigree analysis.

D. karyotyping.

E. none of these.

7. Which statement about Down syndrome is false?

A. The frequency increases dramatically in mothers over the age of 40.

B. The cause is a non-disjunction when chromosomes do not separate during the first meiotic division.

C. Affected individuals have an extra autosome.

D. The long time lag between onset of meiosis in ovarian tissue (during fetal development) and its completion (at ovulation) is most likely the reason for increased incidence in older mothers.

E. None, all statements are true.

8. The X and Y chromosomes determine:

A. gender

B. fate

C. height

D. weight

E. personality

9. Why would you predict that half of the human babies born will be males and half will be females?

A. Because of the segregation of the X and Y chromosomes during male meiosis.

B. Because of the segregation of the X chromosomes during female meiosis.

C. Because all eggs contain an X chromosome.

D. Because, on average, one-half of all eggs produce females.

E. none of the above

10. A man who had purple ears came to the attention of a human geneticist. The human geneticist did a pedigree analysis and made the following observations: In this family, purple ears proved to be an inherited trait due to a single genetic locus. The man's mother and one sister also had purple ears, but his father, his brother, and two other sisters had normal ears. The man and his normal-eared wife had seven children, including four boys and three girls. Two girls and two boys had purple ears. The purple-ear trait is most probably:

A. autosomal, dominant

B. autosomal, recessive

C. sex-linked, dominant

D. sex-linked, recessive

E. cannot be determined from this information

11. Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) is an example of chromosomal aneuploidy and is a _________ disorder:

A. sex-linked

B. autosomal

C. environmental

D. personality

E. regional

12. Two copies of each gene separate from each other during meiosis. As a result, only one copy of each gene is present in one egg or sperm, and they will unite at fertilization. This is the basis for Mendel’s:

A. law of segregation

B. law of independent assortment

C. law of thermodynamics

D. law of recombination

E. Scientists cannot determine any of these things

13. Members of a gene pair segregate into gametes independently of other gene pairs so that gametes can have different combinations of genes upon fertilization. This is called Mendel’s :

A. law of segregation

B. law of independent assortment

C. law of thermodynamics

D. law of recombination

E. Scientists cannot determine any of these things

14. A Barr body is:

A. the cause of Down's syndrome

B. an amplified gene

C. a polytene chromosome

D. a ribonucleoprotein particle

E. an inactivated X chromosome

15. What does a Punnett square tell us when undertaking a Mendelian genetic cross between two parents?

A. the likelihood of a male or female being born

B. all possible combinations of genotypes to result from the mating

C. the personality of the child

D. all sequence tagged sites

E. all of the above

16. Which of the following describes a type of polymorphism that occurs within the gene that causes Huntington's disease?

A. a CAG triplet repeat of DNA that expands in the gene and ruins the protein

B. a stop codon

C. an amber mutation

D. a suppressor allele

E. None of the above

17. A single gene controls the color of flower petals, but there may be several different versions of the gene. One version might result in red petals, while another might result in white petals. This “version” is called an __________.

allele

RNA transcript

Locus

Gene

none of the above

18. _________ is the science of studying inheritance and the laws that govern

heredity.

A. genetics

B. neurobiology

C. ecology

D. taxonomy

E. both b and c are correct

19. Scientists call an individual with two identical alleles for any given trait (gene) _______.

A. heterozygote

B. homozygote

C. mutant

D. founder

E. none of the above

20. Scientists call an individual with two DIFFERENT alleles for any given trait (gene) _____.

A. heterozygote

B. homozygote

C. mutant

D. founder

E. none of the above

21. Downs Syndrome, (the condition of having 3 chromosome 21s), is the result of _______ during Metaphase of Meiosis I.

A. Segregation

B. pleiotropy

C. nondysjunction

D. permanence

        E. all of the above

22. Why is it important to reduce chromosome number by half during meiosis?

            A) fertilization brings chromosome number back to 2N

            B) Cells undergoing meiosis are getting smaller and smaller

            C) the chromosomes are giant and less is needed

            D) to prevent transformation into corn

            E) too impossible to tell.

23. The M phase in cell cycle refers to?

A) Mitosis/meiosis

B) DNA replication

C) Growth phase

D) Rest phase

E) none of the above

24. This cell type relies primarily on meiosis not mitosis:

(a)       Germ cells

(b)      White blood cells

(c)       Stem cells

(d)      Brain cells

(e)       all of the above

25. This type of genetic change actually makes NEW alleles, not just rearranging old ones.

            A) recombination

            B) independent assortment

            C) mutation

            D) crossing over

            E) none of these things

26. A haploid cell has two copies of every chromosome:

(a)       True

(b)      False

(c)       Both are correct

(d)      None of these are correct

27. If a mother is rh negative and her baby is rh positive, the baby could be:

            A) attacked by the mothers immune system and rendered oxygen deprived

            B) born with a lisp

            C) delivered as a twin

            D) born with a fear of heights

            E) all of the above

28. Traits that affect only one gender in a family are often considered:

            A) recessive

            B) dominant

            C) sex-linked

            D) autosomal

            E) all of the above

29. Traits that skip generations are often considered:

            A) recessive.

            B) dominant.

            C) sex-linked.

            D) autosomal.

            E) This cannot be known

30. A gene mutation is:

A) a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene

B) may be caused by environmental agents

C) can happen by chance

D) can change the structure of the resultant protein

E) all of the above

MATCHING - 1 PT. EACH

31. ____heritability                A. cell grows, DNA replicates, then cell divides

32. ____polygenic                    B. DNA fingerprinting for forensic purposes

33. ____multifactorial             C. recombinant DNA technology

34. ____nondysjunction          D. failure of homologous genes to separate in meiosis

35. ____pedigree                     E. proportion of phenotype due to genetic differences

36. ____meiosis                        F. phenotype caused by multiple gene contributions

37. ____chromosome              G. cell division for egg or sperm gametes

38. ____biotechnology            H. packaged DNA into threadlike structures

39. ____DNA profile                I. diagram to study trait inheritance in a family

40. ____gene                            J. phenotype result of genetic and environment

41. ____gene therapy             K. genetic study of our responses to environment

42. ____cancer                         L. transfer normal genes to treat genetic disease

43. ____behavioral genetics   M. malignant growth from uncontrolled cell division

44. ____cell cycle                     N. genetic disorder on X or Y chromosome

45. ____sex-linked                   O. fundamental unit of heredity

Explanation / Answer

2. D. any DNA marker co-inherited with the genetic trait of interest

RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis is used to search for a human gene, the strategy is to first locate is used to distinguish different alleles of a genetic locus by Southern hybridization.