GAA CTA GTT ATT AGT CTA ATT GTT GAA AGT CTT GAT CAA TAA TCA GAT TAA CAA CTT TCA
ID: 63743 • Letter: G
Question
GAA CTA GTT ATT AGT CTA ATT GTT GAA AGT
CTT GAT CAA TAA TCA GAT TAA CAA CTT TCA
1. Assume that the lower strand of DNA is the template strand. Transcribe mRNA.
2. Using the letters, not the amoino acids from the codon table, translate mRNA.
3. Make a gene mutation by substituting one base for another. Use the letters from the codon table to translate the new mRNA strand. How does it compare to the original?
4. Make another gene mutation by addition (Add one base somewhere in the mRNA strand). Translate it.
5. Make another gene mutation by deletion. (Remove one base somehere in the mRNA strand). Translate it.
Explanation / Answer
A codon is defined by the initial nucleotide from which translation starts. For example, the string GGGAAACCC, if read from the first position, contains the codons GGG, AAA, and CCC; and, if read from the second position, it contains the codons GGA and AAC; if read starting from the third position, GAA and ACC. Every sequence can, thus, be read in three reading frames, each of which will produce a different amino acid sequence (in the given example, Gly-Lys-Pro, Gly-Asn, or Glu-Thr, respectively). With double-stranded DNA, there are six possible reading frames, three in the forward orientation on one strand and three reverse on the opposite strand.[9]:330 The actual frame in which a protein sequence is translated is defined by a start codon, usually the first AUG codon in the mRNA sequence.
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