Cleft lip (failure of the upper lip to fuse) and cleft palate (failure of the so

Question

Cleft lip (failure of the upper lip to fuse) and cleft palate (failure of the soft palate to fuse) are multifactorial conditions that occur during prenatal development. More than 200 syndromes include cleft lip with or withoutcleft palate. When clefts occur alone, individuals with an affected relative have an increased risk of being bom with a cleft. Empiric risk of recurrence depends upon the degree of relationship to an affected individual as follows: If one parent has a cleft, risk to a child is 4%. If one sibling has a cleft, risk to another sibling is 4%. If two siblings have a cleft, risk to a third sibling is 9%. If one parent and one sibling have a cleft, risk to another sibling is 17%. In each family depicted in (a) through (e), a couple expecting a child is concerned that the child will have a cleft lip with or without cleft palate. For each couple, cite the risk that the fetus (designated as a diamond) faces. Be sure to consider all relatives shown. (c) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Explanation / Answer

a)4%

b)4%

c)17%

d)9%

e)4%

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