The Millers were a family that believed in sustainability. They ate organic, rec

Question

The Millers were a family that believed in sustainability. They ate organic, recycled, and drove a hybrid. They were worried about overpopulation so they only had two kids, replacement value. They even volunteered at the local urban garden; although the site were well aware that any exposure to mercury causes autism. When it came time for a family vacation, they opted for an eco-tourism favorite, Machu Pichu in Peru. Little Sarah (5) and Johnny (9) had an amazing time and got to practice their Spanish skills. They got to explore Cusco and the ruins for a week and even rode donkeys up the mountain! The trouble began when they got home. Sarah clearly didn't want to go off to summer camp, she was complaining of a sore throat and said she couldn't swallow. But she wasn't running a big fever, maybe just a degree or so. When she was still complaining the next day, they went to one of those emergency care centers and they diagnosed her with strep throat. Maybe she wasn't faking after all. They gave her a Z Pac and sent her home for bed rest. But she kept getting worse. Her fever increased, she started sweating and shaking, and her breathing as shallow and rapid. They had to take her to the hospital right away

Explanation / Answer

Q6. This disease Pneumonia is caused by a bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. It is basically an infection of the upper respiratory tract. The first immune response is that of a surge in the number of white blood cells (neutrophils) in the lungs which is a primary site of infection. The neutrophils engulf the bacteria but also release cytokines and other inflammatory molecules. The other aspect of defense is played by CD40L molecule which is a part of the acquired defense. CD40L is critical for humoral responses of T-dependent antigens. If she would have been vaccinated, the antibodies specifically recognizing the surface receptors on the bacteria would have been produced in greater number which would have helped check the growth of the bacteria.

Q7. I would prescribe her antibiotics and ventilation as a supportive therapy to help breathing. Amoxicillin is usually prescribed as the first line of defense. Since community acquired pneumonia is becoming common, their are several new antibiotics being administered such as clarithromycin and azithromycin. Amoxicillin works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls.

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