a)What is an enzyme? b)How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction? c)How ca

Question

a)What is an enzyme?

b)How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction?

c)How can an enzyme be denatured and why does that process result in the loss of activity of the enzyme?

Proteins have four different levels of structure. What term best describes these levels of structure?

a)The sequence of amino acids that make up the protein

b)The formation of a covalent bond between sulfur atoms at very different positions in a single protein molecule.

Chiral compounds occur when a carbon atom has four different things bonded to it. All but the simplest amino acids (glycine) are chiral because the alpha carbon has an amine group, a carboxylic acid group, and two different groups bonded to it. Some amino acids are even more complicated in that another carbon in the molecule is also chiral. Look at the table of the 20 common amino acids and name 2 amino acids that have a second chiral carbon atom.

Salt lowers the freezing point of water. So will sugar. If one tablespoon of solid (salt or sugar) is dissolved in ¼ cup of water, which material, salt or sugar will lower the freezing point of the water by the greater amount? What two facts most explain the difference?

Discuss the difference between the Maillard reaction and caramelization. Distinguish them according to the ingredients they require and the conditions needed.

Explanation / Answer

According to chegg rules we have to answer only first four questions.

a)

Enzymes are bio-molecules that are present in living organism and catalyst the specific reactions.

Enzymes are substances which do not take part in bio-reaction but provides a new or alternative path with low activation energy for reactants.

b)

The enzymes make chemical reactions in the body proceed at faster rates because Enzymes are bio catalyst which have following properties:

c)

Enzymes can be denatured at high temperatures . at high temperatures the bonds between amino acids in the enzyme are change thus   Enzymes are changing its shape and activity also

d)

Primary structure of the proteins indicates the order of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Secondary structure of the proteins indicates the formation of alpha-helices or beta-sheets

Tertiary structure of the proteins indicates the three dimensional folded shape of the protein

Quaternary structure of the proteins indicates only seen in proteins with 2 or more polypeptide chains means describes how the polypeptides interact with each other. It also explains the subunits are held together by hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, disulfide links, and hydrophobic interactions.

a)The sequence of amino acids that make up the protein- Primary structure

b)The formation of a covalent bond between sulfur atoms at very different positions in a single protein molecule- Quaternary structure

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