What are the basic methods of bacterial culture and identification of mutants (A
ID: 6985 • Letter: W
Question
What are the basic methods of bacterial culture and identification of mutants (Auxotrophs).Understand the characteristics of the bacteria genome and the plasmid.
Understand the 3 methods of sexual transfer in bacteria.
What is the difference between F+, F-, Hfr cells
How do we map genes by conjugation? What are the map units?
What is the basic structure of a virus?
What is the difference between the Lytic vs. Lysogenic life cycles?
What is the structure of a Retrovirus? (3 genes)
What is the role of reverse transcriptase in the retrovirus life cycle?
Where did human HIV come from?What do the tRNA’s acceptor arm and anticodon do?
What are the 2 primary components of a ribosome?
How do miRNAs and siRNAs silence gene transcription? What is the function of Dicer?
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? Which part determines an A.A.’s chemical activity? How does this explain why some changes in amino acids can be functionally silent?
How does this explain how a change in the DNA sequence (mutation) causes a change in phenotype?
Identify the 4 levels of protein structural complexity.
What do we mean when we say that the genetic code is degenerate? How does this explain why some mutations are silent?
What’s the difference between a sense and nonsense codon?
Explanation / Answer
Basic cultures of bacteria include using of specific culture media. Auxotrophs can be identified by culturing organisms in an media with specific deficient ingredient that is needed for its growth.
Bacterial genome is its original chromosomes. where as plasmid is an extra genetic material of the bacteria.
Three methods of sexual transfer bacteria are - transduction, transformation and conjugation.
F+ strains are those consisting of plasmids.
F- strains do not have plasmid.
Hfr cells are those with high frequency recombination, that forms link with the plasmid and do not easily get separated.
Basic structure of virus consists of protein coat and genetic material, either DNA or RNA.
In lytic cycle the viral progeny will be released by lysis of the cell. where as in lysogenic cycle the genetic material fuses with the chromosome of the bacteria.
Reverse transcriptase is helpful in generating DNA from the RNA molecule.
Ribosomes are made up of two sub units. Smaller and larger sub units. 80S - 60S and 40S sub units.
70S - 50S and 30S
Protein complexity is divided into four forms- primary, secondary, teritiary and queternary.
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