Which of the following best describes the major constituent of a typical chylomi
ID: 72549 • Letter: W
Question
Which of the following best describes the major constituent of a typical chylomicron?
A. Apoprotein B
B. Cholesterol
C. Monoglycerides
D. Phospholipids
E. Triglycerides
QUESTION 2
1. Which of the following enzymes is especially active in the capillary endothelium and hydrolyzes triglycerides of chylomicrons?
A. Cholesterolester hydrolase
B. Lingual lipase
C. Lipase-colipase
D. Lipoprotein lipase
QUESTION 3
1. A 45-year-old man is diagnosed with familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency. Without treatment, the patient is at risk for developing which of the following conditions?
A. Dermatomyositis
B. Hypertriglyceridemia
C. Myopathy
D. Myositis ossificans
QUESTION 4
1. Which of the following lipoproteins contain the highest concentration of triglycerides?
A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
B. Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)
C. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
D. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL
QUESTION 5
1. An increase in which of the following will most likely increase mobilization of fatty acids from fat cells?
A. Glucagon
B. Hormone-sensitive lipase activity
C. Insulin
D. Lipoprotein lipase activity
QUESTION 6
1. Excess protein intake can lead to synthesis of triglycerides in liver and fat cells. The first step of this process involves formation of which of the following substances?
A. Acetoacetic acid
B. Acetone
C. Acetyl coenzyme A
D. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
QUESTION 7
1. Increased ethanol metabolism in the liver would be expected to increase which of the following?
A. Fat synthesis
B. Glycolytic activity
C. Mitochondrial NAD+ levels
D. Oxidation of fatty acids
QUESTION 8
1. All of the following tissues can use fatty acids for energy EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?
A. Brain
B. Heart
C. Kidney
D. Liver
QUESTION 9
1. Which of the following best describes the product of beta-oxidation of fatty acids?
A. Acetyl coenzyme A
B. Lactate
C. NADH
D. Oxaloacetic acid
QUESTION 10
1. In the liver, two molecules of acetyl coenzyme A condense to form which of the following molecules?
A. Acetic acid
B. Acetoacetic acid
C. Acetone
D. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
QUESTION 11
1. Excess carbohydrate intake can lead to synthesis of triglycerides in liver and fat cells. The first step of this process involves formation of which of the following substances?
A. Acetoacetic acid
B. Acetone
C. Acetyl coenzyme A
QUESTION 12
1. Which of the following best describes the substance(s) that cause activation of hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase during heavy exercise?
A. Epinephrine and norepinephrine only
B. Epinephrine only
C. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and insulin
D. Insulin and epinephrine only
QUESTION 13
1. The majority of cholesterol formed in the liver is converted to which of the following substances?
A. Acetyl coenzyme A
B. Bile acids
C. Estrogen
D. Progesterone
QUESTION 14
1. The first stage in using triglycerides for energy is hydrolysis of the triglycerides to which of the following substance(s)?
A. Acetyl coenzyme A
B. Cholesterol
C. Glycerol 3-phosphate
D. Glycerol and fatty acids
QUESTION 15
1. Which of the following is most likely to increase triglyceride synthesis in an adipose cell?
A. Decreased availability of free fatty acids
B. Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity
C. Increased adipose cell glycolysis
D. Increased glycerol uptake by the adipose cell
Explanation / Answer
1.Correct answer is : E.Triglycerides
Reason:85-92 % of chylomicrons is composed of triglycerides.
2.Correct answer is : D.Lipoprotein lipase
Reason: Lipoprotein lipase e.g endothelial lipase founs in endothelial cells.
3.Correct answer is:B. Hypertriglyceridemia
Reason: Hypertriglyceridemia is caused by high levels of triglycerides in blood due to lipoprotein lipase deficiency.
4.Correct answer is :D. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
Reason:Triglyceride content is as below:
A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) : 3-15%
B. Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL) :24-30%
C. Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) :10-15%
D. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) : 50-55%
5.Correct answer is : B.Hormone-sensitive lipase activity.
Reason: Above activity best describes an increase of fatty acid mobilization.
6.Correct answer is: C.Acetyl coenzyme A
Reason:AcetylCoA is formed first during the process.
7.Correct answer is:A.Fat synthesis
Reason: Fat synthesis is an outcome of increased ethanol metabolism in liver due to high accumulation of NADH that signals fat synthesis.
8.Correct answer is: Brain
Reason: As fatty acids are associated with albumin in blood, they cannot cross the blood brain barrier.
9.Correct answer is: A. Acetyl coenzyme A
Reason: End product of beta oxidation is acetyl CoA.
10.Correct answer is :B. Acetoacetic acid and D. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Reason: 2 molecules of acetylCoA form acetoacetylCoA that goes on to produce acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid
11.Correct answer is:C. Acetyl coenzyme A
Reason:Carbohydrates break down to acetylCoA that is converted to fatty acids via lipogenesis.Fatty acid +glycerol gives triglycerides.
12.Correct answer is:A.Epinephrine and norepinephrine only
Reason: Both the above hormones activate protein kinase A that goes on to activate lipases.
13.Correct answer is:B. Bile acids
Reason:Liver converts chylomicron into bile salts.
14.Correct answer is: D.Glycerol and fatty acids
Reason: Triglycerides on hydrolysis yield glycerol and fatty acids.
15.Correct answer is :B. Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity
Reason:This enzyme is responsible for hydrolysing triglycerides and decreased activity will increase triglyceride synthesis.
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