Detailed answer for each question please: 3. Each strand is made up of two zones

Question

Detailed answer for each question please:

3. Each strand is made up of two zones or regions. One zone of each strand is made up of identical repeating units, while another zone is made up of differing units. What are these zones of each strand called?
4. What holds one strand against the other in the double helix?
5. What process do cells use to make copies of their DNA?
6. When do cells duplicate their DNA?
7. What are the four DNA bases that form in the double helix?
8. How do the bases pair up?
9. What is a mutation?
10. What is the semiconservative model of DNA?

Explanation / Answer

3. Introns are the repeating units which code for nothing and exons are the differing ones that code for proteins.

4. The complementary strands of the double helix are held together by the nitrogenous bases via hydrogen bonds.

5. DNA makes copies of itself during a process known as DNA replication. Whereby the double helix DNA structure divides into 2 strands and picks up nucleotides from the nucleosap. in this way DNA makes many copies of itself. The DNA molecule split down the middle, where the bases meet. The bases on each side of the molecule are used as a pattern for a new strand.

6. Cells replicate their DNA prior to cell division which results in either an identical diploid daughter cell (through mitosis) or, in the case of gamete production, haploid daughter cells (through meiosis) that only contain copies of half of the parent cell's DNA.

7. Purines and pyrimidines are two of the building blocks of nucleic acids. The four nucleotides found in DNA are: Adenine (purine), Guanine (purine), Thymine and Cytosine (both pyrimidines).

8. Thethe bases pair up in a purine to pyrimidine fashion as follows: Cytosine with Guanine and Adenine with Thymine

9. A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene. Mutations in a gene's DNA sequence can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the gene.

10. The replication of DNA is semiconservative. Meaning that each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new DNA molecule by the sequential addition of complementary base pairs, thereby generating a new DNA strand that is the complementary sequence to the parental DNA. Each daughter DNA molecule ends up with one of the original strands and one newly synthesized strand.

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