The [____] systems of mammals and insects both depend upon [____] that bind path

Question

The [____] systems of mammals and insects both depend upon [____] that bind pathogen components, such as cell wall lipopolysaccharides, flagellar fragments, and nucleic acids. These receptors, situated on the cell surface of insect cells or [____], initiate a [____] signaling pathway that in mammals leads to synthesis of defensive molecules, such as [____].

Please pick one.

(1) adaptive immune, B cell receptors, B cells, tyrosine kinase, interferons

(2) innate immune, Toll-like receptors, dendritic cells, MyD88-mediated, cytokines

(3) primitive immune, MHC molecules, non-immune cells, Ras, antimicrobial peptides

(4) stimulated immune, TLRs, cytotoxic T cells, Toll-like, lymphokines

(5) unstimulated immune, B cell receptors, B cells, TLR, interferon

Explanation / Answer

(2) innate immune, Toll-like receptors, dendritic cells, MyD88-mediated, cytokines

The [_innate immune___] systems of mammals and insects both depend upon [__toll-like receptors (TLRs)__] that bind pathogen components, such as cell wall lipopolysaccharides, flagellar fragments, and nucleic acids. These receptors, situated on the cell surface of insect cells or [_dendritic cells___], initiate a [_MyD88-mediated___] signalling pathway that in mammals leads to synthesis of defensive molecules, such as [__cytokines__].

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