What are two approaches to cloning the human orthologs of the yeast genes? Selec

Question

What are two approaches to cloning the human orthologs of the yeast genes?

Select the two correct answers.

a) This could be done by position cloning of genes of interest after creating a genetic map using molecular markers. b) This could be done by using the yeast genes as a probe to screen a human cDNA library. c) This could be done by tagging the human genes of interest using transposons. d) This could be done by using the sequence of yeast genes to create primers to amplify the human genes by PCR.

Explanation / Answer

Orthologous genes are those genes evolved in different species of organisms originating from a common ancestor but modified due to specific speciation process through evolution. In this regard, humans carry orthologous genes when compared to unicellular prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes such as bacteria and yeasts. Techniques are available to clone these human orthologs of yeast genes. The approaches utilize functional cloning of the whole genome and then comparing the two sites in human and yeast genome for orthologs. Secondarily, since the orthologs are supposed to perform similar biological function in the two distinct species, they can also be cloned using yeast genes as a probe and screen the human cDNA libarary for positive matches. The translational products of these positive matches then can be analysed for their function and further filtering the appropriate results.

Thus, the correct choices are (b) and (d).

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