Which of the following is a signaling molecule involved in signaling exercise. A

Question

Which of the following is a signaling molecule involved in signaling exercise. A.irs-1 B. cholesterol C. prostaglandin D. PI3K E. beta-adrenergic receptor A 'P-type' transporter is characterized by what type of intermediate in the pumping cycle? A. phosphoaspartate B. phosphohistidine C. acetyl lysine D. acetyl histidine E. ATP/ADP exchange The human multidrug resistance protein belongs to the _____family of transporters. A. ATP B. exchange C. ABC D. H^ E. oubain-inhibited CFTR in cystic fibrosis is an ion channel specific for what ion? A Cn^+ B. Cl^- C. Zn^ D. H^+ E. Fe^ +2/=3 Which of the following is a second messenger molecule? A. triacyl glycerol B. glycogen C. citrate D. IP_3 E. phosphoglyceraldehyde How many transmembrane domains does the GPCR epinephrine receptor have? A. 0 B. 1 C. 3 D 5 E. 7

Explanation / Answer

33. Answer is E.

The GPCR receptors contain seven (7) transmembrane receptors. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are also known as seven-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors, that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses. Coupling with G proteins, they are called seven-transmembrane receptors because they pass through the cell membrane seven times.

32. Answer is D:

Secondary messengers are the intracellular elements, that can transmit the extra cellular stimulation into the cell nuclecus. Secondary messengers including cyclic nucleotides (e.g., cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, or cGMP), ions (e.g., Ca2+), phospholipid-derived molecules (e.g., inositol triphosphate), and even a gas, nitric oxide (NO).

31. Answer is B.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a membrane protein and chloride channel in vertebrates that is encoded by the CFTR gene

30. Answer is C.

ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are members of a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and is possibly one of the oldest families with representatives in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans. ABC transporters are known to play a crucial role in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR). In MDR, patients that are on medication eventually develop resistance not only to the drug they are taking but also to several different types of drugs.

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