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Q1: what is the purpose of a bacterial operon? Q2: thoroughly describe the colle

ID: 80078 • Letter: Q

Question

Q1: what is the purpose of a bacterial operon? Q2: thoroughly describe the collective processes and locations of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell. Q3: how is the regulation of gene expression different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Q1: what is the purpose of a bacterial operon? Q2: thoroughly describe the collective processes and locations of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell. Q3: how is the regulation of gene expression different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Q2: thoroughly describe the collective processes and locations of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell. Q3: how is the regulation of gene expression different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Explanation / Answer

Ans 1. A bacterial operon is a cluster of genes which work in coordination to produce proteins (enzymes) in bacteria.

Ans 2. Eukaryotic cell protein synthesis has following steps :

a. Transcription - Takes place in the nucleus. DNA transcribes to form mRNA. It has four steps :

1. Initiation - Unwinding of DNA molecule

2. Elongation - Synthesis of mRNA by RNA polymerase

3. Termination - Results in release of mRNA

4. Processing - The final mRNA is formed by splicing of unwanted regions.

Translation :

1. Activation of amino acids

2. Formation of amino acyl-tRNA complexes

3. Initiation - Initiation codon binding with complementary anticodon

4. Elongation - Movement of ribosome along mRNA to form a chain of amino acids

5. Termination - Binding of termination codon with anticodon to release the formed protein

Ans 3. Regulation of gene expression differing in prokaryotes and eukaryotes :

Prokaryotic gene expression is regulated mainly at the transcriptional level. While in eukaryotes it occurs at multiple levels like epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation and post-translation.

In Prokaryotes genes are in form of clusters called operons which perform regulation function while they dont exist in eukaryotes.