Petroleum and most geologic resources are problem for sustainability for humans

Question

Petroleum and most geologic resources are problem for sustainability for humans because (circle best answer): (a) the natural (geologic) rate of production of petroleum and other geologic resources is must faster than the rate humanity consumes it, resulting in an increasing amount of pollution; (b) they are radioactive; (c) deposits are too difficult to extract; (d) the natural (geologic) rate of production of petroleum and other geologic resources is much slower than the rate humanity consumes it, resulting in resource depletion on human time scales; (e) earthquakes and volcanic eruptions destroy many resources and render others inaccessible; (f) bacteria introduced during the process of resource extraction has spread to other underground resources and is rapidly destroying them. Part II. The above cartoon is a cross sectional view showing a magmatic (island) are, a subduction zone, a spreading ridge, and a continent Numbers 1 to 4 mark the location of a certain type of partial melting mechanism. Some of these numbers may repeat the same mechanism. Answer the questions 1 through 4 below corresponding to the number on the figure above and note well the additional guidance in terms of where the melting takes place (ie what sort of rock is partially melted and where). Partial melting lithospheric mantle occurs above a subducting oceanic plate at this location. Describe the melting process that occurs at this location (name the process AND describe it). Partial melting of continental crust occurs at this location. Describe the melting process that occurs at this location (name the process AND describe it). Partial melting of mantle asthenosphere occurs here. Describe the melting process that occurs at this location (name the process AND describe it).

Explanation / Answer

Answer (4) The right option is (d) The natural rate of production of petroleum and other geological resources is much slower than the rate of consumption causing a shortage within human lifespan.

1, The basaultic oceanic crust contains hydrous minerals like amphibole, some of which formed due to seepage of seawater through hot cracks and spaces. As the crust sinks deep the pressure generally increases. With that high amount of pressure at about 100 km depth- hydrous minerals start to metamorphose. Due to dehydration the released water comes up mixes with hot magma causing a lower melting point. The melting mechanism in such condition is called flux melting mechanism.

The most common resultat rock type in such condition is Andesite.

2. Here the crust is adjucent to the underlaying hot magma. In this set up the lower portion of crust is most likely to break and fall down within mantle forming mantle xenoliths.

3. In the third kind of situation where crust is spreading and becoming thinner the mantle is most likely to come up. Here pressure is quiet low and temparature too. So the overlying plates suffer a little amount of partial melting.

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