3. Human blood serum, with a mixture of solutes, has a freezing point of -0.52^d

Question

3. Human blood serum, with a mixture of solutes, has a freezing point of -0.52^degC. What is the apparent molality of blood serum? (The primary components of blood serum are sodium chloride,urea,glucose,sodium biocarbonate, and potassium chloride. Since these have different concentrations and van't Hoff factors, we can observe a delta T but do not known the molality of particular components.)

4. A nurse is preparing a solution of epinephrine to administer to a patient. The prescription calls for 5.0g of epinephrine per 200mL of water. (van't hoff factor=1; Molar mass of C2H13NO3, epinephrine, is 183.20442g/mol). However, the nurse must make the solution isotonic with blood serum before injecting it. (Refer to question 3) Calculate how many grams of NaCl must be added to the 200mL of solution to make it isotonic.

Explanation / Answer

Step1 Molality = .52/1.86 =.2795

Q4 Step1 Moles per kg of solvent=5.0/.200x183.20442=.1365

Step2 Moles of NaCl required = .2795-.1365 =.143/Vanthoff factor = ..143/2 =.0715 moles

Step3 Mass of NaCl = .0715x58.5= 4.183g = .837g/200ml

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