General Chemistry help: 1. An oxygen atom has six outer electrons. How many pair

Question

General Chemistry help:
1. An oxygen atom has six outer electrons. How many pairs of electrons must it share in covalent bonds?
2. Name the monosaccharides that make up the following disaccharides - maltose, sucrose and lactose.

3. What is the empirical formula for maltose, sucrose and lactose?

4. Why is the empirical formula no: double that of monosaccharides?

5. What substance is the repeating unit that makes up starch cellulose and glyocen?

6. Starch, cellulose and glycogen are all made up of the same repeating unit. In what way do these substances differ from one another?

7. Name another type of compound besides polysaccharides that fits the definition of a polymer.

Explanation / Answer

1. An oxygen atom must share 1 pair of electrons in a covalent bond .

2. Lactose is made up of galactose and glucose . Sucrose is made up of glucose and fructose . Maltose is made up of glucose .

3. Empirical formula of maltose , sucrose and lactose is the same , i.e. C12H22O11 .

4. This is because one molecule is made up of two molecules of the monosachharide

5. Glucose is the repeating unit tat makes up starch , cellulose and glycogen .

6. Starch and cellulose are found in plants whereas glycogen is found in animals .

7. The nylon class of polymers are not made up of polysaccharides . An example is nylon-6,6 which is made up of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid .

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