a. The Whale and the Hippopotamus descended from the Cow. b. The Hippopotamus is

Question

a. The Whale and the Hippopotamus descended from the Cow.

b. The Hippopotamus is the most advanced species shown.

c. The common ancestor of the seal and the dog is the most ancient species shown.

d. None of the above.

2. For the same tree, which statements about common ancestry hold true?

a. The Pig is the common ancestor of the Cow and the Whale.

b. The Elephant and the Hyrax share more recent common ancestor than Manatee

c. The Hippopotamus shares a more recent common ancestor with the cow than the pig

d. None of the above

3.Name two taxa that are sister nodes. Why they are called sister nodes?

Explanation / Answer

Ancestry root analysis from the cladogram is to show the ancestry relationship for the above animals and their origin of evolution.
For the first question we need to choose the correct answer from the self-explanatory tree diagram, as
a. The whale and Hippo has not descended from a cow, rather they share common ancestral root from where they have come into existence, b. Hippopotamus is not the most advanced species among all other species, because even others have evolved and has become very advanced, because in that sense the whale also would have been the most emerged species,
c. The common ancestor for the dog and seal is the most ancient species which is shown from the diagrammatic tree, here the option is correct as the most ancient species is the common ancestor for all other species.
2. Common ancestry statement - Option a and b is incorrect, as the ancestral roots are the same for them, they are sharing common ancestors,
but the third statement has got a clue to show that option c is emerged the ancestral root of Hippopotamus with the most recent ancestral root with cow then the pig. As the hippos are more recently descended and they share a common root more closely related to cow, thus the cladogram is rooted to show that.

3. Sister nodes: Is the most outward expressed nodes, like here the examples those of which is sharing a common ancestors, for example- Dog and Seal has common ancetros, so this two nodes are sister nodes, similarly the Elephant, Hyrax and Manatee are the sister nodes.

So the taxa here are given above as examples.

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