can you help me 1, 2,4 ll. Furthermore, you y smaller in the cancer. a person wi

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can you help me 1, 2,4

ll. Furthermore, you y smaller in the cancer. a person with this protein and the cause from compare isolated be cancer known to size when discover that the after the that the compared to the protein from the unaffected protein from the cancer patient differs in almost twenty-third amino acid. What the likely explanation? Chapter Content: viruses and other Noncellular Infectious Agents Complete the following questions as you read A the chapter content viruses and other Noncellular 1. A which life cycle can be triggered to enter into which other life cycle? What triggers this occurrence? 2. Certain viruses, like HIV actually contain RNA. When a of host used it makes DNA from virus this type takes over a is to its RNA. The viral DNA is then used to make RNA copy, which RNA Proteins proteins. However, in cells the flow of genetic information is from DNA Explain how this differs from viruses (not considered cells) like HIV. 3. Match the following terms with their proper description: reverse transcriptase, viroid, prion, and A misfolded protein A single circular piece of RNA: A molecule that makes DNA from RNA retroMluc Reverses the flow of genetic information: 4. True or false: A retrovirus needs reverse transcriptase to make viral DNA from the host-ce RNA. If false, please make it a true statement. rue Copyright 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Explanation / Answer

1. Bacteriophages are the viruses that infect bacteria. These can have lytic ( bacterial cells are lysed and destroyed after immediate replication of virion) or lysogenic ( these dont immediately lyse the host cells. Their viral genome integrates into host DNA and replicate along with it. They remain dormant and are known as temperate phage) life cycle. But environmental stressors e.g. starvation/ chemicals can trigger the activation of these lysogenic prophages, causing them to excise and turn on the lytic cycle.

2. HIV is a retrovirus which when infects a normal cell (host), uses its own reverse transcriptase to convert positive sense RNA into DNA. This DNA gets integrated with host genone through enzyme integrase. This resulting structure is known as provirus. Then the host considers this integrated viral genome as its own and the subsequent transcription and translation of viral gene will be carried out along with host genes using the host's cell machinery. Therefore, using the host cell machinary virus synthesizes its own proteins. Therefore, the flow becomes RNA-DNA-RNA-Protein inside the HIV infected cell. Whereas in the non infected cell, where the genetic element of host is DNA, the central dogma of molecular biology remains, DNA-RNA-Proteins.

4. False- A retrovirus utilize its own reverse transcriptase, to make viral DNA from its RNA, which after integration into host genome, utilizes host's cell machinary for transcription and translation to form viral proteins.

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