On September 6, a 6-year-old boy experienced fever, chills, and vomiting, On Sep
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On September 6, a 6-year-old boy experienced fever, chills, and vomiting, On September 7, he was hospitalized with diarrhea and swollen lymph nodes under both arms. On September 3 the boy had been scratched and bitten by a cat. The cat was found dead on September 5, and Yersinia pestis was isolated from the cat. Chloramphenicol was administered to the boy from September 7, when Y. pestis was isolated from him. On September 17, the boy's temperature returned to normal; and on September 22, he was released from the hospital. When was the prodromal period of this boy's disease? (2) Describe the role of the skin and mucous membranes in immunity. (2) List the effector functions of antibodies. (2)Explanation / Answer
3. Y. pestis is a non-motile, stick-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacterium. It causes plague which is an epidemic and deadly disease. Bubonic plague is the most common and is acquired through the bite of an infected flea. The incubation period ranges from 2 to 4 days, but may be as long as 10 days. In case of the boy the prodromal period was 3 days.
4. The skin consists of three layers epidermis, dermis, and basement membrane. The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin and forms a protective barrier over the body's surface. Its layers continually grow outward as older layers shed away.
The mucosae are linings covered in epithelium and involved in absorption and secretion. They line cavities that are exposed to the external environment. The barrier immune system is part of the innate immune system, and consists of anything that the skin, mucosae, and chemical secretions of the body do to prevent pathogens from invading.
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