Thermoregulation: -where is the sensor for this reflex? why during a bout of you

Question

Thermoregulation: -where is the sensor for this reflex? why during a bout of you shiver, even though you have body temperature that may be full C above normal? -Name an effector - raise body temp and - lovely, and how they work; of osmotic and ionic concentration -salt concentration must be light regulate, what is the sensor for this and are found -The posterior pituitary gland is crucial part of this what type of control is this gland in -what is the main effector molecule for the reflex, and what is tissue effect?

Explanation / Answer

Thermoregulation:

1. The thermoregulatory part for controlling body temperature is hypothalamus. There are two kind of receptors: a)Receptors in hypothalamus, that monitor temperature of blood flowing through brain and maintains the core temperature of the body. b)Receptors in skin, for monitoring external environment.

2.During fever, body increases its internal thermostat above normal 98.6 degree farenheit because high temp is required to boost the immune response and kills bacteria and viruses. To do this, heat production (by shivering) is increased and loss of heat to the enviroment is reduced.

3. Sweat glands, skelton muscles and smooth muscles in arterioles of skin are the effectors. At high temp, smooth muscle carry out vasodilation to carry heat. At low temp, sweat glands produce more sweat whereas more evaporation of sweat takes place during hot conditions. Skelton muscles contract and relax at low temp. At cold, no shivering takes place in these muscles.

Maintaing ionic and osmotic concentrations:

1. Carotid baroreceptors, the juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa are the sensors which are located in nephron (kidney). All these sensors increase renin concentration, which further increase aldosterone levels.

2. Aldosterone is a key steroid hormone critical for maintaining salt and water balance. At low salt conc. body signals adrenal glands to release aldosterone in blood which causesz kidney to reabsorb sodium into the blood by expressing the channels and Na-K ATPase and reducing sodium loss from sweat glands.

3.Effector mechanism involves regulation of sodium levels. Na+ (plus associated anions) are the predominant ions present in extracellular fluid reponsible for maintaining osmotic pressure. Nephron acts as a effector by reabsorption of Na+ through different segments.

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